LIU Di,CHEN Hai,ZHANG Min,et al.Analysis of Spatial-temporal Distribution of Landscape Ecological Risk in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas and Its Terrain Gradient—A Case Study of Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province.[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(04):239-244,251.
生态脆弱区景观生态风险时空分异及其地形梯度分析——以陕西省米脂县为例
- Title:
- Analysis of Spatial-temporal Distribution of Landscape Ecological Risk in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas and Its Terrain Gradient—A Case Study of Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province.
- Keywords:
- landscape ecological risk; spatial-temporal distribution; terrain gradient; Mizhi County; ecologically fragile areas
- 分类号:
- X171
- 摘要:
- 目前，生态脆弱区已成为景观生态风险评价研究的热点区域之一。以黄土丘陵沟壑区陕西省米脂县为研究区，以2009年、2015年土地利用数据为基础数据，将研究区划分为耕地、林地、草地、果园、水域、城镇工矿用地和荒地7类土地利用类型，基于干扰度与脆弱度构建生态风险模型，并结合地形分布指数进一步分析了生态风险随高程和坡度梯度的动态变化规律，得出如下结论：（1）米脂县土地利用格局变化明显，耕地面积减少3 168.45 hm2，林地与荒地面积分别增加1 102.95，1 609.47 hm2；（2）米脂县2009年、2015年景观生态风险指数分别为0.221 7，0.228 9，且呈现西高东低，中间高南北低的空间分布格局。Ⅰ级风险主要转化为Ⅱ级风险，面积比例由28.17%降为13.59%；Ⅲ风险达到研究区面积的1/3，主要由Ⅱ风险区转化而来；Ⅳ与Ⅴ风险区面积变化不大，面积比例整体上升3.9%；（3）生态风险等级时空分布随高程和坡度梯度变化显著。Ⅰ级风险向低海拔、低坡度转移的趋势明显；Ⅱ与Ⅲ级风险均向高海拔转移；Ⅳ与V级风险在地形梯度上无明显的风险转移。
- Abstract:
- Ecologically fragile area has become one of the hot spots of landscape ecological risk assessment research. Taking Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province in the Loess Plateau as research area, we divided the land-use types into seven types, including farmland, orchard, forests, grassland, water body, construction land and wasteland, with the help of the land-use pattern data in 2009 and 2015. The spatial-temporal distribution of ecological risk was analyzed through the ecological risk model integrated the interference degree and the vulnerability degree. The distribution of ecological risk under the terrain gradient was revealed by the terrain distribution index. Several conclusions were drawn as the follows. (1) The land-use pattern in Mizhi County had experienced considerable changes. The area of farmland decreased by 3 168.45 hm2, while forestland and wasteland increased by 1 102.95 hm2 and 1 609.47 hm2, respectively. (2) The integrated ecological risk index increased from 0.221 7 in 2009 to 0.228 9 in 2015. The spatial distribution pattern of ecological risk was higher in the west than in the east as well as the middle was higher than the north and south. The grade Ⅰ risk was mainly converted to grade Ⅱ risk, and the area ratio was reduced from 28.17% to 13.59%. The grade Ⅲ risk reached 1/3 of the area of the research area, which was mainly transformed from the grade Ⅱ risk. The grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ risk area changes were limited, and the area ratio increased by 3.9%. (3) The spatial-temporal distribution of landscape ecological risk was presented on the trend of terrain distribution index clearly. The trend of gradeⅠrisk shifting to low altitude and low slope was obvious, and both grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ risk were transferred to high altitude. There was no obvious risk transfer phenomenon of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ risk on the terrain gradients.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-08-27;改回日期:2018-09-28。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41671086，41271103）
作者简介:刘迪(1993-),男,河南郑州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为综合自然地理与景观生态。E-mail:lcx@stumail.nwu.edu.cn
通讯作者:陈海(1971-),男,山西侯马人,博士,教授,主要从事土地利用与农户行为研究。E-mail:chw@nwu.edu.cn