LIU Peng,YANG Gang,CHANG Wenqian,et al.Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Dry Matter Accumulation, Transportation, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Broomcorn Millet in the Late Growth Stage[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(04):139-145.
水氮运筹对糜子生育后期干物质积累、转运及水氮利用效率的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Dry Matter Accumulation, Transportation, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Broomcorn Millet in the Late Growth Stage
- Keywords:
- broomcorn millet; net photosynthetic rate; dry matter; yield; water and nitrogen use efficiency
- 分类号:
- S516;S158.3
- 摘要:
- 为明确干旱、半干旱地区糜子水肥关系，并为水肥资源高效利用提供技术依据，以固糜21号为材料，在盆栽试验条件下，采用完全随机组合设计，水分设置50%，70%，90%田间持水量，施氮量设置0，0.05，0.10 gN/kg干土（折合纯氮0，75，150 kg/hm2），研究不同水氮处理对糜子生育后期总叶面积、净光合速率、干物质积累与转运、水分利用效率及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明：适宜水氮条件可以延缓叶片的衰老速度，维持较高的总叶面积，显著提高糜子灌浆期的净光合速率，促进灌浆后干物质的积累及转运，增加产量；糜子水分利用效率随施氮量的增加而增加，随土壤水分水平的提高而降低，追施氮量超过75 kg/hm2后有减小趋势；糜子氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥生理利用效率、氮肥偏生产力随土壤含水量的提高而提高，随施氮量的增加而降低。拔节期70%田间持水量和追施氮75 kg/hm2耦合主要通过延缓叶片衰老速度，增强灌浆期功能叶光合输出能力，增加灌浆后干物质的积累量，促进干物质的转运，提高水分利用效率以及氮素利用效率，从而对糜子产量产生调控作用。试验条件下，W2N2（70%田间持水量、追氮75 kg/hm2）为最优水氮组合。
- Abstract:
- To provide high-yield and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources in the arid and semi-arid areas of China, broomcorn millet, Gumi 21, was adopted as test crop. Under the conditions of pot experiment, a completely random combination design was adopted, and the water contents were set as 50%, 70%, and 90% of the field water holding capacity. Nitrogen use rates such as 0, 0.05, 0.10 g N/kg dry soil (converted to pure nitrogen 0, 75, 150 kg/hm2) were set. The total leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation and transport, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of different water and nitrogen treatments in the late growth stage of broomcorn millet were examined. The results showed that suitable water and nitrogen conditions could delay the senescence rate of leaves, maintain a high total leaf area, significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate of the broomcorn millet during the grain filling stage, promote the accumulation and transport of dry matter after the grain filling stage, and increase the yield; the water use efficiency of broomcorn millet increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and decreased with the increase of soil water level. After the application of nitrogen more than 75 kg/hm2, water use efficiency of broomcorn millet presented the decreasing trend. The agronomic utilization efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer physiological utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of broomcorn millet increased with the increase of soil water content, and decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The 70% of field water holding capacity and nitrogen application rate of 75 kg/hm2 can regulate the production of broomcorn millet mainly by delaying the senescence rate of leaves, enhancing the photosynthetic output capacity of functional leaves during the filling stage, increasing the accumulation of dry matter after the filling stage, promoting the transport of dry matter, improving water use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Under the experimental conditions, 70% field water holding capacity and topdressing nitrogen rate of 75 kg/hm2 is the optimal water and nitrogen combination.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-03-25;改回日期:2019-04-09。
基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划子课题“特色小杂粮抗逆增产增收技术研究与示范”（2015BAD22B04-04）
作者简介:刘鹏(1993-),男,内蒙古乌海人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤生态、作物栽培。E-mail:1206654722@qq.com
通讯作者:赵世伟(1962-),男,四川荣县人,研究员,博士,主要从事土壤结构及固碳机理研究。E-mail:swzhao@ms.iswc.ac.cn