DANG Wei,JIAO Limin.Water Pollution Characteristics and Their Comprehensive Assessment in the Upper Reaches of the Huai River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(05):358-363,370.
淮河上游水质污染特征及其综合评价
- Title:
- Water Pollution Characteristics and Their Comprehensive Assessment in the Upper Reaches of the Huai River
- 分类号:
- X524
- 摘要:
- 为明确淮河上游水质污染特征及其综合评价，取淮河上游流域4个监测断面（南阳、信阳、阜阳、六安）开展了2006-2016年丰水期（7月份）、平水期（10月份）、枯水期（1月份）的水质时空分析，并借助单因子水质标识指数法和多元统计分析方法识别水质污染特征，并对其进行了综合评价，为淮河上游流域管理提供一定的理论依据。结果表明：（1）淮河上游六安污染最严重，其枯水期的氨氮（NH4+-N）值和丰水期、平水期的粪大肠菌群均超出水环境功能区要求。其余各监测断面水质指标值均达到水环境功能区目标，化学耗氧量（CODCr）、生物耗氧量（BOD5）、硫化物和挥发酚污染最轻且水质指标优于水环境功能区的要求。（2）淮河上游流域水质状况在不同水期表现结果相差不明显，说明水期变化对水质指标影响较小。针对丰水期进行了污染源解析，发现主要污染物有高锰酸盐指数、粪大肠菌群、BOD5和CODCr。（3）针对不同的污染源，建议对淮河上游流域实行不同的监督管理制度，全面发展高效生态农业，调整农业产业结构，降低农业化肥、农药的使用量，有效降低农业面源对淮河水环境恶化的风险，制定严格的排污标准。
- Abstract:
- Spatiotemporal patterns of Water quality at four monitoring stations in the upper reaches of the Huai River in the flood season (July), dry season (January) and average season (October) during the period from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed. Variations in water quality were analyzed; pollution sources were identified coupling utilization of single factor water quality identification index and multivariate analysis in order to provide some theoretical basis for water management in the upper reaches of the Huai River. It was found that the water quality in flood, dry and average seasons were rather similar. Water quality at Liuan station was the most polluted, NH4+-N and fecal coliforms all exceeded standard for water environment function area. Water quality at other monitoring stations met the standard of water environment function area, indicating that pollution mainly resulted from agricultural runoff of non-point source coal and liquor in flood seasons. The primary pollutants were potassium permanganate index, fecal coli forms, BOD5, CODCr. Corresponding measures should be taken according to pollution sources. Renovation of water environment, development of ecological agriculture improvement of the waste water treatment efficiency, and increase of recognition of discharge of factory were highlighted from watershed management perspectives.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-10-08;改回日期:2017-11-20。
基金项目:河南省社科规划办项目（2014CYS005）“可持续设计理念在矿区城镇化景观系统中的运用研究”
作者简介:党伟(1985-),男,河南平顶山人,硕士,讲师,研究方向:环境工程。E-mail:DANG_wee@163.com
通讯作者:焦利民(1977-)男,湖北武汉人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事环境工程和土地利用遥感研究。E-mail:lmjiao012@163.com