CHENG Simin,WANG Jijun,LI Maosen,et al.Analysis on the Evolutionary Process of Farmers’ Livelihood Strategy and the Agricultural Industry-Resources System Coupling Mechanism in De-Farming Regions——A Case Study of Zhifanggou Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(05):242-249.
退耕区农户生计策略与农业产业-资源系统耦合机制的演化过程分析——以纸坊沟流域为例
- Title:
- Analysis on the Evolutionary Process of Farmers’ Livelihood Strategy and the Agricultural Industry-Resources System Coupling Mechanism in De-Farming Regions——A Case Study of Zhifanggou Watershed
- Keywords:
- farmer; livelihood strategy; agricultural industry-resources system; coupling mechanism; de-farming regions
- 分类号:
- F326.3
- 摘要:
- 退耕还林（还草）工程的实施改善了区域生态坏境，而增加的林草资源并未得到相关产业的有效利用，退耕区农业产业-资源系统相悖态势存在，阻碍了该区农业的发展及经济水平的提高。从农户生计策略变迁视角研究了农业产业-资源系统的变化，可揭示农业产业-资源系统耦合机制及其作用路径，进而有效促进农业产业-资源系统的良性耦合。结合国内外相关研究，对退耕区域农户生计策略与农业产业-资源系统耦合机制进行了理论分析，并选取退耕区典型代表流域——纸坊沟流域进行了实证。结果表明：（1）农户是农业产业-资源耦合系统的动力源，农户生计策略与系统耦合机制互制互动，农户生计策略受制于所拥有的生计资本和农业产业-资源系统耦合机制，系统耦合机制又服务于生计策略，二者的主要驱动要素是生计资本、国家政策和农户经营理念。（2）农户生计策略包括自然型生计策略、扩张型生计策略、多样化生计策略、集约化生计策略和迁移型生计策略，纸坊沟流域先后经历了前4种生计策略。其中，自然型生计策略与系统耦合机制协同一致，其他3种生计策略与系统耦合机制总体上相协调，但局部驱动要素间出现冲突。（3）目前纸坊沟流域仍是集约化生计策略，其主要问题是大量林草资源未得到利用，资源禀赋与国家政策未达到有效耦合。因此，需考虑农户的生计策略，建立良性耦合机制，尽量将生态效益与农户的经济效益相结合，促使资源优化配置，实现农业产业-资源优化耦合。
- Abstract:
- The implementation of the Grain for Green Project has improved the regional ecological environment. The increased forest and grass resources have not been effectively utilized by the related industries. The contradiction between the agricultural industry and resources system in the de-farming regions has impeded the development of agriculture and economy. From the perspective of household livelihood strategy change, we can reveal the agricultural industry-resource system coupling mechanism and its action path, and then promote the benign coupling of agricultural industry-resource system. Based on the related research at home and abroad, this paper makes a theoretical analysis on the coupling mechanism of farmers’ livelihood strategy and agricultural industry-resources system in the de-farming regions, and selects the typical representative watershed, Zhifanggou Watershed, as an example. The results are shown as follows. (1) Farmers are the driving force on agricultural industry-resources coupling system and their livelihood strategies interact with the system coupling mechanism. The livelihood strategies are controlled by the livelihood capital and the agricultural industry-resources system coupling mechanism, the coupling mechanism serves the livelihood strategies. The main driving factors of them are livelihood capital, national policy and peasant household management concept. (2) Farmers’ livelihood strategies include natural livelihood strategy, extended livelihood strategy, diversified livelihood strategy, intensive livelihood strategy and migration livelihood strategy. The evolution in Zhifanggou Watershed has experienced the first four. Among them, the natural livelihood strategy is consistent with system coupling mechanism. The other three are coordinated with system coupling mechanism by and large. However, there are conflicts between some of the driving factors. (3) The current livelihood strategy in Zhifanggou Watershed is still intensive. The major problem is that a large number of forest and grass resources are not being used as well as resource endowment and national policy are not coupled effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the farmers’ livelihood strategies and establish a benign coupling mechanism to promote the optimal allocation of resources for the efficient development of agriculture industry-resources system.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-12-08;改回日期:2017-12-28。
基金项目:国家重点研发计划“黄土高原水土流失治理与生态产业协同发展技术集成与模式”（2016YFC0501707）；国家自然科学基金“基于CDM下的陕北退耕区域农业产业-资源系统耦合机制研究”（41571515）；国家重点研发计划“生态技术评价方法、指标与评价模型开发”（2016YFC0503702）
作者简介:成思敏(1993-),女,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,研究方向:水土保持监测与评价。E-mail:siminc@126.com
通讯作者:王继军(1964-),男,陕西渭南人,研究员,研究方向:生态经济。E-mail:jjwang@ms.iswc.ac.cn