ZHENG Yanqiong,ZHANG Aijun,HAN Shuai.Research on Water Source Protection of Karez Wells Using Flood Irrigation From Piedmont Alluvial Fan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(03):366-372.
山前冲积扇蓄洪入灌坎儿井水源保护方法研究
- Title:
- Research on Water Source Protection of Karez Wells Using Flood Irrigation From Piedmont Alluvial Fan
- 分类号:
- S237.4
- 摘要:
- 新疆吐鲁番盆地的坎儿井是我国宝贵的非物质文化遗产，且对吐鲁番绿洲生态的存在与发展具有不可替代的作用。近年来随着大量机电井的使用，区域地下水位持续下降，致使坎儿井出水流量减少甚至干涸。吐鲁番盆地北侧天山山脉的年降雨量可达300~400 mm，该降雨除一部分通过多条河流排出外，在山前冲积扇上也会造成一定规模的洪水，给盆地边沿地区带来一定的威胁。通过分析吐鲁番盆地基本情况、坎儿井现状和山前冲积扇蓄洪入灌的自然条件，提出一种山前冲积扇蓄洪入灌坎儿井水源保护方法，并采用数值模拟对此方法进行了研究。山前冲积扇蓄洪入灌坎儿井水源保护方法，即在冲积扇修筑拦洪坝的方式，拦蓄该部分洪水，一方面起到防洪效果，另一重要方面就是补给地下水，抬升地下水位，从而增加该区域的坎儿井的出水量。研究表明：该方法可以大幅提升地下水位，增加坎儿井的出水量，甚至可使得已经干涸的坎儿井重新出水，是经济可行的一种保护坎儿井的方法。
- Abstract:
- Karez well system in Turfan Basin of Xinjiang is a precious intangible cultural heritage of China. It also plays an irreplaceable role in the conservation and development of oasis ecosystem in Turfan Basin. Recently, the continuous declination of regional groundwater level results in the decrease of water flow or even dry-up of Karez wells due to the extensive use of electro-mechanical wells. Meanwhile, the annual precipitation of north Turfan Basin near Tianshan Mountains is 400~600 mm. Except for a small proportion streams out through rivers, the flood forming in the piedmont alluvial fan often creates threats to nearby edge areas of Turfan Basin. Thus, we present new method to protect the water source of Karez well system by analyzing the basic conditions of Turfan Basin and Karez wells, as well as the natural irrigation condition of piedmont alluvial fan. The main idea is to build retaining dams in piedmont alluvial fan to preserve the flood. The dams will control the flood and improve groundwater level. In the meantime, the water flow in Karez well system will also increase. Numerical simulations are used to investigate the potential benefits. The simulation results show that the proposed method could significantly elevate the groundwater level and increase the total amount of water flow in Karez well system. The dried-up wells can even be restored. It is proved that the proposed method is an economically feasible and applicable method to protect water source of Karez wells.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-07-24;改回日期:2017-08-24。
基金项目:水利部水资源管理与保护专项（1261330111014），坎儿井地下水资源涵养与保护方案编制
作者简介:郑艳琼(1992-),女,湖北恩施人,硕士研究生,从事水利水电工程中岩土问题研究。E-mail:zhengyanqiong0508@163.com
通讯作者:张爱军(1964-),男,山西阳高人,博士,教授,博士生导师,从事非饱和特殊土、岩土工程数值计算等问题的教学与科研工作。E-mail:zaj@nwsuaf.edu.cn