CHU Chunjie,ZHOU Jinfeng.Soil Physicochemical Properties and Quality Assessment in the Hilly Upland Around Pingdingshan Coal Mining Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(01):104-110.
平顶山矿区丘陵坡地土壤理化性质及质量评价
- Title:
- Soil Physicochemical Properties and Quality Assessment in the Hilly Upland Around Pingdingshan Coal Mining Area
- Keywords:
- upland soil; soil physicochemical properties; heavy metal pollution; soil quality; hilly; Pingdingshan coal mining area
- 分类号:
- S153
- 摘要:
- 以平顶山矿区丘陵坡地土壤为供试材料，通过采样、测试分析，分析了坡面不同海拔与矿区下风向不同距离处土壤的理化性质及重金属Cu，Zn，Cr，Ni和Pb含量，并采用熵权TOPSIS法进行土壤质量评价。结果表明：（1）不同海拔坡面土壤中的砂粒含量显著高于黏粒，其中矿区附近砂粒含量最高而黏粒含量最低，矿区以上砂粒减少而黏粒增多，且在近坡顶附近最高。矿区附近坡面土壤呈碱性，矿区以上海拔高于356 m的坡面土壤呈酸性，且随海拔上升而酸性增强。土壤电导率、有机质、速效磷、全磷与速效磷含量在矿区附近含量最高，矿区以上坡面最低，但在近坡顶附近略有富集。土壤全氮沿坡面波动较大，但近坡顶附近富集明显。全钾与碱解氮在矿区附近含量最低，近坡顶附近最高。（2）矿区下风向距离矿区越近，砂粒含量越高，黏粒含量越低，反之则砂粒含量趋于减小，而黏粒含量趋于增大。土壤pH值、电导率、有机质、全氮及全磷随距离增大而减小，全钾、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾在距离矿区100～200 m的范围内含量最高，之后趋于波动性减小。（3）不同海拔下，矿区周边坡面土壤质量较好，坡底附近一般，而矿区以上则较差；矿区下风向随着距离增大，土壤质量趋于波动性变差。其质量变化除了与土层浅薄及土壤自身特点有关以外，还主要与矿区长期的煤炭开采活动对周边土壤的扰动及其释放的粉煤灰、粉尘、重金属元素等的坡面径流迁移、高空气流传输、地形阻滞、沉降有关，而且与耕地农业活动也有一定关系。
- Abstract:
- Soils in the hilly upland in Pingdingshan coal mining area were selected as test samples, soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metals including Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb at different altitudes and different distances from the mining area downwind were investigated by means of sampling, experimental analysis. The upland soil quality was evaluated by method of Entropy Weight-TOPSIS. The results are showed as follows. (1) Sand content in different altitude slope soil was significantly higher than clay, in which the sand content of soil near the mining area was the highest but the clay content was the lowest. On the upland above the mining area, sand content of soil reduced, but clay increased and reached up to the highest near the slope top. The soil on the slope was alkaline near the mining area, however, the soil at the altitude above 356 meters was acidic, and the acidity increased with the increase of altitude. Soil electrical conductivity, contents of organic matter, available K, total P and available P contents around the mining area were the highest, but slightly enriched near the slope top; total N fluctuated greatly along the upland, but significantly enriched near the slope top. The contents of total K and alkali solution N were the lowest near the mining area, were the highest near the top. (2) The closer the distance from the mining zone off the wind direct was, the higher the sand grain content was, and the lower the clay content was; otherwise, sand content tended to decrease, while clay content tended to increase. Soil pH value, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total N and total P decreased with the increase of distance. The highest concentrations were found within the range from 100 to 200 meters off the wind direct, and followed by the fluctuant decrease with the increase of distance. (3) At different altitudes, the soil quality around the mining zone was better than that of the slope bottom, especially, poor above the mining zone. The soil quality tended to become worse with the increase of the distance off the wind direct. The variety of soil quality were not only related to the shallow soil and soil characteristics in mining area, but also mainly associated with the soil disturbance by long-term coal mining activities, the slope runoff migration, high altitude air transmission, terrain block and deposition of the fly ash, dust and heavy metal elements released by mining activities. In addition, soil quality also had a certain relationship with the farmland agricultural activities.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-1-5;改回日期:2017-4-4。
基金项目:河南省科技攻关计划项目（152102310202）；河南省科技厅基础与前沿技术项目（152300410172）；平顶山学院高层次人才科研启动基金（PXY-BSQD-2017004）
作者简介:楚纯洁(1978-),男,河南叶县人,博士,副教授,主要从事自然地理、生态环境演变及质量评价研究。E-mail:zzfccj@163.com