[1]郭建英,李锦荣,何京丽,等.典型草原煤矿排土场边坡不同治理措施次降雨水蚀过程分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(05):1-5,13.
　GUO Jianying,LI Jinrong,HE Jingli,et al.Analysis on Water Erosion Process Caused by Secondly Rainfall Under Different Slope Treatment Measures at Dump Site in Typical Steppe[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(05):1-5,13.
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典型草原煤矿排土场边坡不同治理措施次降雨水蚀过程分析

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 24 期数: 2017年05期 页码: 1-5,13 栏目: 出版日期: 2017-10-28
Title:
Analysis on Water Erosion Process Caused by Secondly Rainfall Under Different Slope Treatment Measures at Dump Site in Typical Steppe
作者:
郭建英, 李锦荣, 何京丽, 张铁钢, 梁占岐, 荣浩
水利部牧区水利科学研究所, 呼和浩特 010020
Author(s):
GUO Jianying, LI Jinrong, HE Jingli, ZHANG Tiegang, LIANG Zhanqi, RONG Hao
Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, China
关键词:
排土场边坡; 工程措施; 生物措施; 次降雨侵蚀量
Keywords:
dump slope; engineering measures; biological measures; single rainfall erosion
分类号:
S157.1
摘要:
以典型草原露天煤矿的排土场边坡为研究对象，利用野外原位径流小区观测设施研究了不同治理措施条件下排土场边坡次降雨的产流、产沙规律。结果表明：在边坡治理初期，首次降雨的土壤侵蚀产沙量均较大，达到中度以上的侵蚀强度，其中铺设植生带措施次降雨产沙量最大，为6 469 t/km2，生态袋一字型布设措施产沙量最小，为2 543 t/km2，分别是裸地产沙量5 640 t/km2的1.15倍和0.45倍；随治理恢复年限的增加，恢复第3年时，生态袋一字型治理措施（生物+工程措施）的年径流量比沙地柏+绣线菊灌丛恢复7 a（纯生物措施）的年径流量小；当边坡治理措施的植被盖度 > 35%时，各治理措施的产沙量均小于未治理裸地的产沙量，且雨强越大，生物+工程治理措施的阻沙能力越明显；生态袋一字型布设措施年土壤侵蚀量由治理当年的5 179 t/（km2·a）下降到治理第3年的1 260.35 t/（km2·a），减少75.7%。因此，在草原矿区的排土场边坡采取生物与工程相结合的治理措施明显优于单纯的生物治理措施，可有效控制排土场边坡的水土流失。
Abstract:
At the beginning of the vegetation restoration, the slope erosion can reach up to moderate level due to the runoff generated by the first rainfall. In such condition, the sediment yield caused by secondly rainfall is 6 469 t/km2 in vegetation zone, which is 1.15 times of bare land (5 640 t/km2); however, the sediment yield under the measure of the eco-bag with ‘—’ type is just 45.1% of the bare land. With the increase of restoration duration, the eco-bag with ‘—’ type which is combined by biological and engineering measures is better than biological measures. For instance, in the third year, the annual runoff depth is less than that under the seven years of Sabina vulgaris + Spiraea sp. which is completely biological measure. When the vegetation coverage is more than 35%, the sediment yields in different treatment measures are less than those in the bare land; and with the increase of the rainfall intensity, the sediment control capacity of the combination of biological and engineering measures is better. Soil erosion amount under the measure of the eco-bag with ‘—’ type can decrease by from 5 179 t/(km2·a) (the first year) to 1 260.35 t/(km2·a) (the third year), the reduction is just 75.7%. In conclusion, combination of biological and engineering measures in the dump slope can control erosion effectively.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2016-06-01;改回日期:2016-07-29。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41301302）；内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“重点水土流失区生态系统综合整治技术集成”
作者简介:郭建英(1979-),男,内蒙古清水河县人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事干旱、半干旱地区水土流失与植物生态方面的研究。E-mail:guojianying1980@163.com
通讯作者:李锦荣(1980-),男,内蒙古凉城县人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事风沙物理及其草地遥感方面的研究。E-mail:lijingrong918@126.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01