YANG Ruihong,WANG Xinjun.The Vertical Distribution of Vegetation Patterns and Soil Properties at the Northern Slope of Ili River Valley[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(06):32-39,44.
伊犁河谷山地北坡土壤特性及植被群落多样性垂直分布格局
- Title:
- The Vertical Distribution of Vegetation Patterns and Soil Properties at the Northern Slope of Ili River Valley
- 分类号:
- S153.6;Q948
- 摘要:
- 基于对伊犁河谷山地北坡垂直地带植被多样性和土壤生境的调查分析数据，采用Pearson相关系数法、主成分法和DCA排序法分析了物种多样性指数与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明：根据其植被带和土壤带沿不同海拔将其分为针叶林、山地草原、落叶阔叶林和荒漠草原；其总的物种丰富度和Simpson指数与海拔呈现先升高后降低，再升高的格局，不同海拔植被群落丰富度指数之间差异均显著（p < 0.05），Shannon-Wiener指数随海拔的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，Pielou均匀度指数随海拔的增加呈先降低后增加，然后降低的格局。犁河谷山地北坡土壤有机质和有效氮含量随海拔的增加而增加的趋势，基本表现为针叶林>山地草原>落叶阔叶林>荒漠草原，其中不同海拔植被群落土壤有机质含量之间差异均显著（p < 0.05），土壤有效磷含量没有明显的垂直变化规律，土壤有效钾含量随海拔的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，基本表现为山地草原>针叶林>落叶阔叶林>荒漠草原。犁河谷山地北坡土壤pH值随海拔的增加而降低的趋势，基本表现为荒漠草原>山地草原>落叶阔叶林>针叶林，土壤电导率、全盐和总盐含量均随海拔的增加呈先增加后降低的格局，基本表现为山地草原>落叶阔叶林>荒漠草原>针叶林。主成分的结果分析表明，第一主成分负荷值最高的分别为土壤全盐、总盐、电导率，可称为土壤盐分因子；第二主成分负荷值最高的分别为土壤有效氮、有机质和pH值，可称为保肥、供肥因子。DCA排序结果表明，沿着DCA第一轴，随着海拔逐渐降低，土壤有机质、有效氮和有效钾等土壤养分的含量逐渐下降，而pH值和电导率逐渐上升；沿着DCA第二轴，随着海拔逐渐降低，土壤总盐和全盐含量逐渐增加，而土壤有效磷含量却逐渐降低。由此可知，犁河谷山地北坡植物群落多样性的垂直分布格局是由海拔为主的多种环境因子综合作用的结果，而土壤养分和盐分随海拔的变化与植被带不尽一致，可能它们之间的同步变化存在一定的滞后期。
- Abstract:
- Based on a survey of sample plots in the study area, DCA, Pearson and principal component were used to analyze the relationships between diversity indices and soil properties, which were located on the north slopes of the Iri Valley, Xinjiang, China. The results are as follows. (1) The vegetation types were divided into coniferous forest, mountain meadow, broadleaved deciduous forest and desert steppe according to the vegetation habitats and soils along the elevation. The species richness and Simpson index first increased and then decreased, then increased with the increasing elevation, which had the significant difference in different elevations (p < 0.05), and Shannon-Wiener index increased and then decreased with the increasing elevation and Pielou evenness index decreased and then increased then decreased. (2) Soil organic matter and available nitrogen content increased with the increase of elevation with the sequence of coniferous forest > mountain meadow > broadleaved deciduous forest > desert steppe, which had a significant difference in different elevations (p < 0.05), while the content of available phosphorus had no significant difference in different elevations (p > 0.05), and the content of available potassium first increased and then decreased with the increase of elevation. (3) The soil pH gradually decreased with the increase of elevation with the sequence of desert steppe > mountain meadow > broadleaved deciduous forest > coniferous forest, and the soil conductivity, contents of salt and total salt first increased and then decreased with the sequence of mountain meadow > broadleaved deciduous forest > desert steppe > coniferous forest. (4) The principal component analysis showed that the first principal components were total salt, electric conductivity, soil total salt, which might be referred to as the soil salinity factor, and the second principal components were soil effective nitrogen, organic matter and pH value, respectively, which might be referred to as soil fertilizer factors. (4) DCA sorting results indicated that with the gradual decrease of elevation, the soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium decreased gradually, while pH and conductivity increased in the first axis of DCA, and the soil total salt increased gradually, and the soil available phosphorus gradually reduced in the second axis of DCA. (5) To sum up, these patterns were formed by the synthetic action of a variety of environmental factors among which elevation played an important role, and the vertical distribution of vegetation patterns and soil properties were not same indicating that there was the potential lag.
参考文献/References:
[1] Williams A, Hedlund K. Indicators of soil ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable fields along a gradient of landscape heterogeneity in southern Sweden[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2013,65:1-7.
[2] Gaylor M O, Mears G L, Harvey E, et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ether accumulation in an agricultural soil ecosystem receiving wastewater sludge amendments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2014,48(12):7034-7043.
[3] Pauli H, Gottfried M, Dullinger S, et al. Recent plant diversity changes on Europe’s mountain summits[J]. Science,2012,336(6079):353-355.
[4] Bagchi R, Gallery R E, Gripenberg S, et al. Pathogens and insect herbivores drive rainforest plant diversity and composition[J]. Nature,2014,506(7486):85-88.
[5] Li L, Tilman D, Lambers H, et al. Plant diversity and overyielding:insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agriculture[J]. New Phytologist,2014,203(1):63-69.
[6] Steinauer K, Tilman D, Wragg P D, et al. Plant diversity effects on soil microbial functions and enzymes are stronger than warming in a grassland experiment[J]. Ecology,2015,96(1):99-112.
[7] Dinnage R, Cadotte M W, Haddad N M, et al. Diversity of plant evolutionary lineages promotes arthropod diversity[J]. Ecology Letters, 2012,15(11):1308-1317.
[8] Whitfeld T J S, Roth A M, Lodge A G, et al. Resident plant diversity and introduced earthworms have contrasting effects on the success of invasive plants[J]. Biological Invasions,2014,16(10):2181-2193.
[9] 田中平,庄丽,李建贵.伊犁河谷北坡垂直分布格局及其与环境的关系:一种特殊的双峰分布格局[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1151-1162.
[10] 罗黎鸣,苗彦军,武建双,等.拉萨河谷山地灌丛草地物种多样性随海拔升高的变化特征[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):320-326.
[11] 孙慧兰,李卫红,杨余辉,等.伊犁山地不同海拔土壤有机碳的分布[J].地理科学,2012,32(5):603-608.
[12] 张旭琛,朱华忠,钟华平,等.新疆伊犁地区草地植被地上生物量遥感反演[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):25-34.
[13] 张新时.伊犁野果林的生态地理特征和群落学问题[J].植物学报,1973(2):9-12.
[14] 徐远杰,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.伊犁河谷山地植物群落物种多样性分布格局及环境解释[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(10):1142-1154.
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16] 胡克林,陈德立.农田土壤养分的空间变异性特征[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(3):33-38.
[17] 刘建新.不同农田土壤酶活性与土壤养分相关关系研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(4):523-525.
[18] 蒋文伟,周国模,余树全,等.安吉山地主要森林类型土壤养分状况的研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):73-76.
[19] 赵彦锋,郭恒亮,孙志英,等.基于土壤学知识的主成分分析判断土壤重金属来源[J].地理科学,2008,28(1):45-50.
[20] 方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,等."中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划"及若干技术规范[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):5-9.
[21] 方精云.探索中国山地植物多样性的分布规律[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):1-4.
[22] 赵淑清,方精云,宗占江,等.长白山北坡植物群落组成,结构及物种多样性的垂直分布[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):164-173.
[23] 桑卫国,王云霞,苏宏新,等.天山云杉树轮宽度对梯度水分因子的响应[J].科学通报,2007,52(19):2292-2298.
[24] 贺金生,陈伟烈.陆地植物群落物种多样性的梯度变化特征[J].生态学报,1997,17(1):91-99.
[25] 冯建孟,王襄平,李晶,等.面积和中间膨胀效应对丽江地区种子植物物种丰富度垂直分布格局的影响[J].生物多样性,2006,14(2):107-113.
相似文献/References:
[1]查轩,唐克丽,白红英.植被恢复对土壤抗侵蚀特性影响的研究[J].水土保持研究,1993,(01):37.
Zha Xuan,Tang Keli,Bai Hongying.The Effect of Vegetation Restoration on Properties of Soil Resistance in Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,(06):37.
[2]王莉雯,牛铮,卫亚星.应用遥感技术评估土壤侵蚀影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(05):189.
WANG Li-wen,NIU Zheng,WEI Ya-xing.Assessing Erosion Controlling Factors by Remote Sensing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(06):189.
[3]于法展,尤海梅,李保杰,等.山东枣庄抱犊崮自然保护区森林土壤特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(06):365.
YU Fa-zhan,YOU Hai-mei,LI Bao-jie,et al.A Study on Forest Soil Physi-chemical Characters of Baodugu Nature Reserve,Zaozhuang City,Shandong Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(06):365.
[4]姜秋香,付强,王子龙.空间变异理论在土壤特性分析中的应用研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(01):250.
JIANG Qiu-xiang,FU Qiang,WANG Zi-long.Research Progress of the Spatial Variability Theory in Application to Soil Characteristic Analysis[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(06):250.
[5]孟宝,杨龙,张勃.土壤特性的空间变异性与绿洲生态稳定性研究——以张掖绿洲为例[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(02):117.
MENG Bao,YANG Long,ZHANG Bo.A Study on Spatial Sariability of Soil Property and Stability of Ecosystem in Oasis——Taking Zhangye Oasis as a Case Study[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(06):117.
[6]许冬梅,刘彩凤,谢应忠,等.盐池县草地沙化演替过程中土壤理化特性的变化[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(04):85.
XU Dong-mei,LIU Cai-feng,XIE Ying-zhong,et al.Changes of Soil Properties During Sandy Desertification for Grassland in Yanchi County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(06):85.
[7]郑郁,李占斌,李鹏,等.金沙江干热河谷区不同土地利用方式下的土壤特性分异特征[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(01):174.
ZHENG Yu,LI Zhan-bin,LI Peng,et al.Features of Land Use Type on Soil Properties in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):174.
[8]余海龙,顾卫.太原市绕城高速公路路域土壤特性与重金属污染评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(03):49.
YU Hai-long,GU Wei.The Basic Properties and Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment of Road Area Soils in Taiyuan City Belt Expressway[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):49.
[9]王占军,蒋齐,潘占兵,等.宁夏毛乌素沙地不同密度柠条林对土壤结构及植物群落特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(06):31.
WANG Zhan-jun,JIANG Qi,PAN Zhan-bing,et al.Effect of Plantation Density of Caragana on Soil Properties and Plant Community Characteristics in Ningxia Maowusu Sandy Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(06):31.
[10]崔东,肖治国,赵玉,等.不同土地利用类型对伊犁地区土壤活性有机碳库和碳库管理指数的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(01):61.
CUI Dong,XIAO Zhiguo,ZHAO Yu,et al.Effects of Different Land Use Patterns on Soil Active Organic Carbon Pool and Carbon Pool Management Index in Yili Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(06):61.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-04-03;改回日期:2016-04-19。
基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“梭梭、柽柳群落土壤微生物量C/N特征及其生态效应（2014211B014）”
作者简介:杨瑞红(1980-),女,新疆和静县人,博士研究生,主要研究领域:环境及土壤生态学研究。E-mail:Ruihong_yang80@163.com