NING Jing,YANG Zi,JIANG Tao,et al.The Coupling Laws Between Gully Erosion of Cultivated Lands with Different Ridge Directions and Terrain in Northeast Black Soil Region of China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(03):29-36.
东北黑土区不同垄向耕地沟蚀与地形耦合规律
- Title:
- The Coupling Laws Between Gully Erosion of Cultivated Lands with Different Ridge Directions and Terrain in Northeast Black Soil Region of China
- Keywords:
- gully erosion; tillage ridge direction; terrain; coupling laws; northeast black soil region of China
- 分类号:
- S157
- 摘要:
- 东北黑土区在长期高强度开垦连作下，侵蚀沟切割耕地地表现象严重。以黑龙江省宾县的两个典型乡镇为研究区，基于GIS和RS技术，采用全局空间自相关、样方网格等方法，综合垄向、侵蚀沟、地形数据探究区域尺度下垄向分布及不同垄向耕地沟蚀与地形因子耦合规律。结果表明：（1）不同乡镇沟蚀空间集聚程度不同，主导性垄向耕地内的侵蚀程度最高；（2）垄向在耕地上的分布有很强的空间自相关性，不同的垄向空间分布是对地形条件的反馈体现，合理的垄向空间分布会起到降低沟蚀密度的作用；（3）除糖坊镇斜垄外，不同垄向耕地沟蚀密度随海拔的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势。糖坊镇不同海拔级优势垄向规律性不强，三宝乡整体上任意海拔级斜垄耕作最优；（4）坡度与坡长交互作用显著。两乡镇表现为“小坡度”+“小坡长”或“小坡度”+“大坡长”条件横垄耕作最优，“大坡度”+“小坡长”或“大坡度”+“大坡长”条件斜垄耕作最优；（5）黑土区漫川漫岗地带斜垄耕作更具水土保持作用。
- Abstract:
- With the long-term over-cultivating and continuous cropping in the northeast black soil region of China, it has been a severe problem that the erosion gullies cut up the cultivated land surface. We took two towns in Bin County of Heilongjiang Province as the typical areas. The spatial distribution and the coupling laws between gully erosion of cultivated lands with different ridge directions and terrain in regional scale were studied based on the GIS and RS technology, integrated ridge direction, erosion gully, DEM data, global spatial autocorrelation, sample of grid and so on. The results showed that: first, the spatial agglomeration of gully erosion was not the same in different towns, erosion degree of the dominant ridge direction in cultivated land was the most serious; second, the distribution of ridge direction in cultivated land showed an obvious spatial autocorrelation, the different spatial distribution of ridge direction was the feedback toward the terrain conditions, and the reasonable spatial distribution of ridge direction played a role in reducing gully density; third, gully density of different ridge directions in cultivated lands increased first and then decreased with the elevation rising in addition to askew ridge of Tangfang Town. The regularity of optimal ridge direction in different elevation levels was not obvious in Tangfang Town, askew ridge tillage in any elevation level was optimal in Sanbao Town; fourth, the interaction between slope length and slope gradient was significant, showing that the horizontal ridge tillage was optimal under the condition of ‘small slope gradient’ + ‘small slope length’ or ‘big slope gradient’ + ‘small slope length’, and the askew ridge tillage was optimal under the condition of ‘small slope gradient’ + ‘big slope length’ or ‘big slope gradient’ + ‘big slope length’ in both towns; fifth, askew ridge tillage has significant effect on water and soil conservation in rolling hill regions of black soil area.
参考文献/References:
[1] 范昊明,蔡强国,王红闪.中国东北黑土区土壤侵蚀环境[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(2):66-70.
[2] 王占礼.黄土坡地耕作侵蚀及其效应研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2002.
[3] Ndiaye B, Esteves M, Vandervaere J P, et al. Effect of rainfall and tillage direction on the evolution of surface crusts, soil hydraulic properties and runoff generation for a sandy loam soil[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2005,307(1):294-311.
[4] 王占礼,邵明安,雷廷武.黄土区耕作侵蚀及其对总土壤侵蚀贡献的空间格局[J].生态学报,2003,23(7):1328-1335.
[5] 郭明明,王文龙,李建明.黄土区坡耕地耕作对浅沟径流产沙及其形态发育特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(15):114-123.
[6] 张兴昌.耕作及轮作对土壤氮素径流流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):70-73.
[7] 吴发启,张洪江.土壤侵蚀学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[8] 阎百兴,沈波,刘宝元.中国水土流失防治与生态安全[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[9] 孟令钦,李勇.东北黑土区坡耕地沟蚀发育机理初探[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):7-11.
[10] 刘元保,朱显谟,周佩华,等.黄土高原坡面沟蚀的类型及其发生发展规律[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊,1988,7:9-18.
[11] 闫业超,张树文,岳书平.克拜东部黑土区侵蚀沟遥感分类与空间格局分析[J].地理科学,2007,27(2):193-199.
[12] álvarez-Mozos J, Campo M á, Giménez R, et al. Implications of scale, slope, tillage operation and direction in the estimation of surface depression storage[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2011,111(2):142-153.
[13] 赵玉明,姜洪涛,王世界.东北黑土区不同地形垄向坡度的相对水土保持效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5);28-34.
[14] 沈菖蒲,龚振平,温锦涛.横坡垄与顺坡垄的水土流失对比研究[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(4):48-49.
[15] 张秋华.不同耕作方式和植被覆盖对土壤养分流失的影响研究[J].现代农业,2014(2):18-21.
[16] 张玉娟,王延亮,刘丹丹.土壤侵蚀时空动态分析:以黑龙江省宾县为例[J].测绘通报,2014(7):102-104.
[17] 柳艺博.东北黑土区土壤侵蚀空间格局研究:以宾县马蛇子河流域为例[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[18] 赵玉明,刘宝元,姜洪涛.东北黑土区垄向的分布及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):1-6.
[19] 李飞,张树文,杨久春,等.侵蚀沟与耕地垄向之关系探究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):1-4.
[20] 张琳.东北黑土区漫川漫岗区侵蚀沟评价指标体系[D].长春:东北师范大学,2013.
[21] 闫业超,张树文,岳书平.近40 a黑土典型区坡沟侵蚀动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):109-115.
[22] 田剑,汤国安,周毅,等.黄土高原沟谷密度空间分异特征研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(5):622-628.
[23] 张朝生,陶澎,袁贵平,等.天津市平原土壤微量元素含量的空间自相关研究[J].土壤学报,1995,32(1):50-57.
[24] 宋萍,卞羽,洪伟,等.武夷山风景名胜区游客区域分布的空间自相关分析[J].热带地理,2008,28(3):283-287.
[25] 高凤杰,雷国平,宋戈,等.牡丹江市退耕还林对区域土壤侵蚀的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):14-18.
[26] 王文娟,张树文,方海燕.东北典型黑土区坡沟侵蚀耦合关系[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(12):2113-2122.
相似文献/References:
[1]肖建芳,张洪江,江玉林,等.沪蓉西高速公路弃土场渣体侵蚀特征——以宜(昌)至长(阳)段为例[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(03):121.
XIAO Jian-fang,ZHANG Hong-jiang,JIANG Yu-lin,et al.The Characteristics of Detritus Erosion of Spoil Ground of the West of Hurong Expressway[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(03):121.
[2]张翼.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(02):39.
ZHANG Yi.A Study on Soil Erosion in Loess Hilly gully Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(03):39.
[3]孙玉柱,郑粉莉,张姣.基于LIDAR和GIS技术的坡面侵蚀沟空间发育分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(03):20.
SUN Yu-zhu,ZHENG Fen-li,ZHANG Jiao.Analysis of Gully Erosion Development Based on LIDAR and GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(03):20.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-11-05;改回日期:2015-11-26。
基金项目:黑龙江省教育厅科学技术项目（12531035）；黑龙江省重点实验室开放项目（ht2012-10）
作者简介:宁静(1978-),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,副教授,研究方向为土地生态环境问题及3S技术应用。E-mail:njing_today@163.com