[1]冯君园,蔡强国,李朝霞,等.高海拔寒区融水侵蚀研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(03):331-335.
　FENG Junyuan,CAI Qiangguo,LI Zhaoxia,et al.Research Progresses of Melt Water Erosion in the High Altitude and Cold Regions of China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(03):331-335.
点击复制

高海拔寒区融水侵蚀研究进展

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 22 期数: 2015年03期 页码: 331-335 栏目: 出版日期: 2015-06-28
Title:
Research Progresses of Melt Water Erosion in the High Altitude and Cold Regions of China
作者:
冯君园1,2, 蔡强国1, 李朝霞2, 孙莉英1
1. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所 陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室, 北京 100101;
2. 华中农业大学 资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070
Author(s):
FENG Junyuan1,2, CAI Qiangguo1, LI Zhaoxia2, SUN Liying1
1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
关键词:
水土保持; 融水侵蚀; 过程机理; 影响因素; 评价方法
Keywords:
soil and water conservation; melt water erosion; mechanism; influence factor; evaluation methodology
分类号:
S157.1
摘要:
对比不同侵蚀类型侵蚀过程、机理，阐述冻融侵蚀和融水侵蚀的区别与联系；探讨并界定融水侵蚀概念，指出融水侵蚀是季节性冻土在冰川积雪融水径流作用下的土壤侵蚀过程。分析融水侵蚀过程机理，反复的冻融作用和不透水冻结层降低土壤抗蚀性，二者同时促进坡面融水集流冲刷加速侵蚀。分析融水侵蚀主要影响因素，气温、辐射和降水是影响冻融作用和融水径流的直接因素，植被、风和地形通过影响雪的分布及辐射而间接影响融水侵蚀过程。评述融水侵蚀GIS定性评价方法和评价模型，融水侵蚀评价研究需参考GIS的定性评价，借鉴USLE/WEPP等土壤侵蚀模型方法。最后对融水侵蚀未来的研究方向进行了展望。
Abstract:
On the basis of comparing different erosion types and mechanisms, this paper analyzed the relation of freeze-thaw erosion and melt water erosion, and discussed the concept of melt water erosion. The melt water erosion is defined as the soil erosion progress that water runoff resulting from the melted ice and snow erodes seasonal frozen soil. This paper analyzed the mechanism and characteristics of the melt water erosion, and figured out that repeated freeze-thaw action and impervious permafrost reduced erosion durability of soil and promoted the slope melt water runoff scouring soil. This paper analyzed the main influence factors on melt water erosion. The temperature, radiation and precipitation are the immediate influence factors on melt water erosion, the vegetation, wind and terrain influence the distribution of the snow and the radiation. This paper narrated the evaluation methodologies and evaluation model, and figured out that the research of melt water erosion should consult GIS/WEPP/EUROSEM models. In the end, this paper discussed the main research directions combining with the physical conditions of melt water erosion in our country.

参考文献/References:

[1] 景国臣.冻融侵蚀及其形式探讨[J].黑龙江水利科技,2003,31(4):111-112.
[2] 孙辉,秦纪洪,吴杨.土壤冻融侵蚀交替生态效应研究进展[J].土壤,2008,40(4):505-509.
[3] Swift D A, Nienow P W, Hoey T B. Basal sediment evacuation by subglacial meltwater:Suspended sediment transport from Haut Glacierd’ Arolla, Switzerland[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2005,30(7):867-883.
[4] Haritashya U K, Singh P, Kumar N. Suspended sediment from the Gangotri Glacier:Quantification, variability and associations with discharge and air temperature[J]. Journal of Hydrology 2006,321(1):116-130.
[5] Singh P, Ramasatri K S, Kumar N. Suspended sediment transport from the dokriani glacier in the Garhwal Himalayas[J]. Nordic Hydrology,2003,34(3):221-244.
[6] 范昊明,武敏,周丽丽,等.融雪侵蚀研究进展[J].水科学进展,2013,24(1):146-152.
[7] 李成六,马金辉,唐志光,等.基于GIS的三江源区冻融侵蚀强度评价[J].中国水土保持,2011(4):41-43.
[8] Ferrick M G, Gatto L W. Quantifying the effect of a freeze-thaw cycle on soil erosion:Laboratory experiments[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2005,30(10):1305-1326.
[9] Six J, Bossuyt H, Degryze S, et al. A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics[J]. Soil & Tillage Research,2004,79(1):7-31.
[10] Formanek G E, McCool D K, Papendick R I. Freeze-thaw and consolidation effects on strength of a wet silt loam[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,1984,27(6):1749-1752.
[11] Edwards L M, Burney J R. Soil erosion losses under freeze/thaw and winter ground cover using a laboratory rainfall simulator[J]. Canadian Agricultural Engineering,1987,29(2):109-115.
[12] 常学向,王金叶,金博文,等.祁连山林区季节性冻土冻融规律及其水文功能研究[J].西北林学院学报,2001,16(S1):26-29.
[13] 丁永建,潘家华.气候与环境变化对生态和社会经济影响的利弊分析[M]//秦大河,陈宜瑜,李学勇.中国气候与环境演变(下卷).北京:科学出版社,2005.
[14] 秦大河,丁永建.冰冻圈变化及其影响研究:现状、趋势及关键问题[J].气候变化研究进展,2009,5(4):187-195.
[15] 刘海昆,黄树祥,王慧.论冻土对土壤水分动态的影响[J].黑龙江水利科技,2002,30(3):87.
[16] 王金叶,康尔泗,金博文.黑河上游林区冻土的水文功能[J].西北林学院学报,2001,16(S1):30-34.
[17] Sharratt B S, Lindstrom M J, Benoit G R, et al. Runoff and soil erosion during spring thaw in the northern US corn belt[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,55(4):487-494.
[18] Oygarden L. Rill and gully development during an extreme inter runoff event in Norway[J]. Catena,2003,50(2):217-242.
[19] 王荣军,刘志辉,李诚志,等.融雪期季节性冻土湿度变化对融雪洪水的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(4):277-281.
[20] 范昊明,武敏,周丽丽,等.草甸土近地表解冻深度对融雪侵蚀影响模拟研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):28-31.
[21] 何元庆,章典.气候变化是玉龙雪山冰川退缩的主要原因[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(2):230-231.
[22] 李巧媛.不同气候变化情景下青藏高原冰川的变化[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2011.
[23] 李晶,刘时银,张勇.天山难破科契卡尔巴西冰川消融期雪面能量平衡研究[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(3):366-373.
[24] 焦剑,谢云,林燕,等.东北地区融雪期径流及产沙特征分析[J].地理研究,2009,28(2):333-344.
[25] 史彦江,宋锋惠,罗青红,等.伊犁河谷缓坡地融雪侵蚀特研究[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(5):1111-1116.
[26] Danny M, John K, Dave T, et al. The sensitivity of snowmelt process to climate conditions and forest cover during rain-on-snow:A case study of the1996Pacific Northwest flood[J]. Hydrol Process,1998,12:1569-1587.
[27] Pomeroy J W, Bewley D S, Essery R L H, et al. Shrub tundra snowmelt[J]. Hydrol Process,2006,20(4):923-941.
[28] 朱惇,王天巍,蔡崇法,等.基于模糊神经系统与GIS的区域土壤侵蚀快速评价[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):103-107.
[29] 倪晋仁,李秀霞.基于最小图斑的土壤侵蚀快速评估方法[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2007,15(4):425-434.
[30] 张建国,刘淑珍,杨思全,等.西藏冻融侵蚀分级评价[J].地理学报,2006,61(9):911-918.
[31] 吴万贞,刘峰贵.三江源地区冻融侵蚀动力分析及其分布特点[J].青海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,26(1):57-61.
[32] 张亦超,史明昌,岳德鹏,等.基于GIS的土壤风蚀模型软件构建[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(1):69-74.
[33] 高峰,华璀,卢远,等.基于GIS和USLE的钦江流域土壤侵蚀评估[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):18-22.
[34] 代龙华,曹叔尤,刘兴年,等.基于WEPP模型的紫色土坡面水蚀预报[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):60-65.
[35] 刘宝元,谢云,张科利,等.土壤侵蚀预报模型[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.

相似文献/References:

[1]白桦,穆兴民,王双银.水土保持措施对秃尾河径流的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(01):40.
　BAI Hua,MU Xing-min,WANG Shuang-yin.Impact of Soil and Water Conservation on River Flow of Tuwei River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(03):40.
[2]王星,李占斌,李鹏.陕西省丹汉江流域水土保持工程投资情况分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):43.
　WANG Xing,LI Zhan-bin,LI Peng.Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Project Investment Status of Dan-Han River Watershed in Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):43.
[3]宋凤军,穆兴民,白桦.嘉陵江流域输沙量演变规律分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):65.
　SONG Feng-jun,MU Xing-min,BAI Hua.Variation of Sediment Discharge in the Jialingjiang River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):65.
[4]熊康宁,王恒松,刘云.毕节石桥小流域水土保持综合治理生态监测与效益评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):10.
　XIONG Kang-ning,WANG Heng-song,LIU Yun.Ecological Monitoring and the Evaluation on the Benefits of Comprehensive Management for Soil and Water Conservation in Shiqiao Watershed of Bijie City, Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):10.
[5]贺振伟,郭东罡,白中科,等.两种水土生态恢复模式下刺槐种群数量特征与空间格局研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):48.
　HE Zhen-wei,GUO Dong-gang,BAI Zhong-ke,et al.Numeric Character and Spatial Pattern of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Population at Two Kinds of Recovery Modes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):48.
[6]吴启蒙,朱志玲,吴咏梅,等.宁夏水土保持的产业结构影响评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):116.
　WU Qi-meng,ZHU Zhi-ling,WU Yong-mei,et al.Impact Evaluation on Industrial Structure of Soil and Water Conservation in Ningxia Hui Automonous Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):116.
[7]康万利,揭雨成,邢虎成.南方坡耕地种植苎麻水土保持效果和经济效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):86.
　KANG Wan-li,JIE Yu-cheng,XING Hu-cheng.Study of Soil-Water Conservation Effects and Economic Benefit of Ramie in South Slope Crop Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):86.
[8]郭兰勤,杨勤科.藉河流域水土保持效益评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):139.
　GUO Lan-qin,YANG Qin-ke.Evaluation on the Benefit of the Soil and Water Conservation in Jihe Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):139.
[9]汪有科,李立,傅左,等.薪炭林水土保持效益的研究[J].水土保持研究,1992,(01):70.
　Wang Yuke,Li Li,Fu Zuo,et al.A STUDY ON THE BENEFIT OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION FOR ENERGY FOREST[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,(03):70.
[10]刘向东,吴钦孝,赵鸿雁.森林植被垂直截留作用与水土保持[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(03):8.
　Liu Xiangdong,Wu Qinxiao,Zhao Hongyan.The Vertical Interception Function of Forest Vegetation and Soil and Water Conservation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(03):8.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2014-05-20;改回日期:2014-07-28。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目“高海拔寒区融水土壤侵蚀机理与过程模拟研究”（41230746）；国家自然科学基金面上资助项目“坡面水蚀动力与细沟发育形态的相互作用机制及其影响因素”（41271304）
作者简介:冯君园(1988-),男,山东枣庄人,硕士,研究方向为水土保持与融水侵蚀。E-mail:fengfangyuan112@126.com
通讯作者:孙莉英(1978-),女,河北灵寿人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事水沙环境风险与控制研究。E-mail:sunliying@igsnrr.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01