GENG Ren,ZHANG Guang-hui,YU Yao-chuang,et al.Seasonal Variability in Physical Properties of Topsoil in the Typical Croplands in Northern Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(04):1-6.
陕北典型农地表层土壤物理性质季节变化
- Title:
- Seasonal Variability in Physical Properties of Topsoil in the Typical Croplands in Northern Shaanxi Province
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 摘要:
- 土壤物理性质是影响土壤水文、侵蚀过程的重要因素。为此系统研究了陕北安塞4种典型农地（玉米、谷子、大豆和土豆）的土壤含水量、容重、水稳性团聚体和粘结力的季节变化特征。结果表明：4种农地表层土壤物理性质随季节变化的趋势大致相同，土壤含水量随降雨量的变化呈现出明显的峰谷。土壤容重和土壤粘结力在农作物生长阶段大体呈上升趋势，翻耕和收获后显著下降。水稳性团聚体则呈现单调递增趋势。在0.05显著性水平下的配对样本T检验显示：土壤含水量除玉米地和谷子地外（P=0.04），其他农地土壤含水量之间无显著差异（0.29≤P≤0.99）；土壤容重除谷子地和大豆地外（P=0.03），其他农地之间无显著差异（0.07≤P≤0.86）；土豆地与其他农地的水稳性团聚体之间有显著性差异（0.01≤P≤0.03）；各农地土壤粘结力之间无显著性差异（0.16≤P≤0.53）。土壤含水量的变化趋势与降雨的变化趋势基本一致，农事活动所引起的土壤扰动是土壤容重和粘结力变化的主要原因。研究结果对于分析农地水文、侵蚀过程的季节变化特征具有重要的意义。
- Abstract:
- Soil physical properties play an important role in affecting soil hydrology and erosion. This paper studied the seasonal variations in soil water content, soil bulk density, water-stable aggregate and soil cohesion in the croplands of corn, millet, soybean and potato in Ansai, Shaanxi Province. The results showed that the seasonal variations in soil physical properties of different croplands were almost similar. Soil water contents showed obvious peak and valley caused by the changes in precipitation. Soil bulk density and soil cohesion generally increased in the growth season and decreased rapidly after tillage and harvest. However, water-stable aggregate increased monotonically. The paired T test showed that there was no significant difference(0.29≤P≤0.99) in soil water content except those in corn and mille fieldst(P=0.04). For soil bulk density, there was no significant difference(0.07≤P≤0.86) between croplands besides those in millet and soybean fields(P=0.03). With respect to aggregate stability, soybean filed was significantly different from other croplands(0.01≤P≤0.03). No significant difference was detected among different croplands in soil cohesion(0.16≤P≤0.53).Tillage operation was the main reason for the decreases in soil bulk density and soil cohesion. The results have significant implications to analyze the seasonal changes in soil hydrology and erosion process of croplands.
参考文献/References:
[1] 张光辉.坡面水蚀过程水动力学研究进展[J].水科学进展,2001,12(3):39-402.
[2] Owoputi L O, Stolte W J. Soil detachment in the physically based soil erosion process:a review[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,1995,38(4):1099-1110.
[3] Ciampalini R, Torri D. Detachment of soil particles by shallow flow:Sampling methodology and observations[J]. Catena,1998,32(1):37-53.
[4] Hanks R J. Soil crusting and seedling emergence[J]. Transactions 7th int. Congr. Soil Sci.,1960,1:340-346.
[5] De Ploey J, Poesen J. Aggregate stability, runoff generation and interrill erosion[C]//Richards K S, Arnett R R, Ellis S. Geomorphology and Soils. London:University of Hull, 1985:99-120.
[6] Hu W, Shao M A, Si B C. Seasonal changes in surface bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity of natural landscapes[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2012,63(6):820-830.
[7] Zhang G H, Liu G B, Tang K M, et al. Flow detachment of soils under different land uses in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Transactions of the ASABE,2008,51(3):883-890.
[8] Zhang G, Tang M, Zhang X C. Temporal variation in soil detachment under different land uses in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2009,34(9):1302-1309.
[9] Gyssels G, Poesen J, Bochet E, et al. Impact of plant roots on the resistance of soils to erosion by water:a review[J]. Progress in Physical Geography,2005,29(2):189-217.
[10] 张光辉,刘国彬.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤表面特性变化规律研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(2):118-122.
[11] Yoder R E. The significance of soil structure in relation to the tilth problem[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1938,2(C):21-33.
[12] Nielsen D R,Bouma J. Soil spatial variability[M]. The Netherlands:Wageningen,1985:243.
[13] 苏敏,卢宗凡,李够霞.陕北丘陵沟壑区主要农作物水分利用与平衡[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(2):36-45.
[14] Coronato F R, Bertiller M B. Precipitation and landscape related effects on soil moisture in semi-arid rangelands of Patagonia[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1996,34(1):1-9.
[15] Kemper W D, Trout T J, Brown M J, et al. Furrow erosion and water and soil management[J]. Transaction of the ASAE,1985,28(5):1564-1572.
[16] 傅伯杰,王军,马克明.黄土丘陵区土地利用对土壤水分的影响[J].中国科学基金,1999(4):22-227.
[17] Alletto L, Coquet Y. Temporal and spatial variability of soil bulk density and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity under two contrasted tillage management systems[J]. Geoderma,2009,152(1):85-94.
[18] Bennett S J, Casali J, Robinson K M, et al. Characteristics of actively eroding ephemeral gullies in an experimental channel[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,2000,43(3):641-649.
[19] 于法展,李保杰,尤海梅,等. 徐州泉山自然保护区人工林下土壤容重与孔隙度时空变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):162-164.
[20] Mulla D J, Huyck L M, Reganold J P. Temporal variation in aggregate stability on conventional and alternative farms[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(5):1620-1624.
[21] Bissonnais Y. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility:Ⅰ. Theory and methodology[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,1996,47(4):425-437.
[22] Al-Durrah M M, Bradford J M. The mechanism of raindrop splash on soil surfaces[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1982,46(5):1086-1090.
[23] Bullock M S, Nelson S D, Kemper W D. Soil cohesion as affected by freezing, water content, time and tillage[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1988,52(3):770-776.
相似文献/References:
[1]许浩,蒋齐,潘占兵,等.黄土丘陵区降雨、土壤水分和苗木成活率的关系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):202.
XU Hao,JIANG Qi,PAN Zhan-bing,et al.Relationship of Rainfall, Soil Moisture and Seedling Survival Rate in Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):202.
[2]赵发珠,韩新辉,杨改河,等.黄土丘陵区不同退耕还林地土壤有机碳、氮密度变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):43.
ZHAO Fa-zhu,HAN Xin-hui,YANG Gai-he,et al.Change Characteristics of Density of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen under Land Shifted into Forestland in Hilly Loess Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):43.
[3]陈宇,焦菊英,王宁,等.黄土丘陵区撂荒地不同侵蚀带土壤种子库特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):1.
CHEN Yu,JIAO Ju-ying,WANG Ning,et al.Characteristics of Soil Seed Banks under Different Erosion Zones on Abandoned Land in the Hilly-gullied Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):1.
[4]邹厚远,关秀琦,鲁子瑜,等.黄土丘陵区造林技术研究[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(03):48.
Zou Houyuan,Guan Xiuqi,Lu Ziyu,et al.The Research Report on Foresting Technique in the Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(04):48.
[5]关秀琦,邹厚远,鲁子瑜,等.黄土高原草地生产持续发展研究──Ⅰ．沙打旺人工草地衰退后的草种更替[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(03):56.
Guan Xiuqi,Zou Houyuan,Lu Ziyu,et al.Study on the Sustainable Development of the Grassland Production in Loess Plateau──Ⅰ. Grass Varieties Alternation in the Declined Artifical Grassland of Astragalus adsurgens[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(04):56.
[6]关秀琦,邹厚远,鲁子瑜,等.黄土高原草地持续发展研究──Ⅲ．补播柠条和兴安胡枝子建立永久放牧草地试验[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(03):65.
Guan Xiuqi,Zou Houyuan,Lu Ziyu,et al.Study on the Sustainable Development of the Grassland Production in Loess Plateau──Ⅲ. The Experiment of Builiding Permanent Grassland for herding by reseeding Caragana korshinskii and Lespedeza daharica[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(04):65.
[7]程积民.宁南黄土丘陵区立体型高产半人工草地研究[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(01):38.
Cheng Jimin.A Study on Establishing Stereo Style’s Semi-artificial Pasture with High Yeild in Southern Ningxia Loess Hilly Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(04):38.
[8]程积民.宁南黄土丘陵区灌木林生产力的研究[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(01):129.
Cheng Jimin.Study on Productivity of Shrubberies in Loess Hilly Region of South Ningxia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(04):129.
[9]侯喜禄,白岗栓,曹清玉.黄土丘陵区湾塌地乔灌林土壤水分动态监测[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(02):57.
Hou Xilu,Bai Gangshuan,Cao Qingyu.Dynamic Observation of Soil Moisture on Arbor and Shrubbery in Sinking Lands in Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(04):57.
[10]夏海江,肇普兴.聚丙烯酰胺对土壤物理性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(04):81.
Xia Haijiang,Zhao Puxing.Polyacrylamide Effect on Soil Physical Nature[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1997,4(04):81.
[11]张健,刘国彬,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区植被次生演替灌木初期土壤物理性质特征[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(04):101.
ZHANG Jian,LIU Guo-bin,XU Ming-xiang,et al.Soil Physical Properties of Vegetation Secondary Succession on Early Shrub Stage in Loess Hill Gully[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(04):101.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-10-22;改回日期:2013-12-03。
基金项目:中国科学院“百人计划”择优支持项目“土壤侵蚀水动力学机制研究”；国家自然科学基金面上项目“输沙对坡面侵蚀的影响及其动力机理研究”（41271287）
作者简介:耿韧(1990-),男,安徽阜南人,硕士研究生,主要从事水文与水资源研究。E-mail:201221170011@mail.bnu.edu.cn
通讯作者:张光辉(1969-),男,甘肃静宁人,博士,教授,主要从事水土保持与土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn