ZHANG Zhen-ming,LIN Shao-xia,ZHANG Qing-hai,et al.Distribution Pattern of the Heavy Metals and Its Pollution Load in Caohai Wetland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(02):279-284.
草海湖湿地重金属分布特征及污染负荷
- Title:
- Distribution Pattern of the Heavy Metals and Its Pollution Load in Caohai Wetland
- Keywords:
- Caohai Lake; wetland soil; sediments; heavy metals; pollution load
- 分类号:
- X131.3
- 摘要:
- 该文测定了草海湿地土壤和草海表层沉积物中7种毒性重金属的含量，对比研究了重金属元素含量的时空变异特征，同时应用单因子污染指数法和污染负荷指数法对底泥、沼泽草地、农用地和林地土壤中重金属污染进行了评价。结果表明：本研究中7种重金属中，Cd，Zn，Hg含量明显高于贵州省土壤背景值，重金属Cd和Zn分布特征为：底泥 > 农用地 > 沼泽草地 > 林地；Cr的分布特征为：沼泽草地 > 林地 > 农用地 > 底泥；Pb和Cu含量的分布特征为：农用地 > 底泥 > 沼泽草地 > 林地；Hg的分布特征为：底泥 > 沼泽草地 > 农用地 > 林地；As的分布特征为：林地 > 农用地 > 沼泽草地 > 底泥；草海湖周边的农用地和沼泽湿地中Cd，Hg达到重污染程度，Zn为中度污染，Pb和As为轻度污染。草海底泥中Cd，Hg和Zn达到重污染水平，其余4种重金属尚未构成污染；草海底泥重金属污染水平为中等污染，枯水期污染略重，且靠近湖心的采样点污染较重，3个采样区都呈现距岸边越远污染越重的趋势。草海湿地底泥重金属污染较重，农用地次之，沼泽草地再次，林地无重金属污染。研究可为草海湿地重金属污染放置与治理提供基础数据。
- Abstract:
- This paper examined the content of 7 toxic heavy metals in the wetland soil and the surface sediment of Caohai Lake, then compared spatial and temporal variability of the contents of heavy metals, and also assessed the heavy-metal pollution of the sediment, swamp, farmland and woodland in this region through the single factor pollution index and the pollution load index at the same time. The results showed that the contents of Cd, Zn and Hg were significantly higher than the soil background values of Guizhou Province, the contents of Cd and Zn in the sediment were far greater than those in the farmland, followed by swamp, and the woodland fourth. The content of Cr was the first in swamp, the second in woodland, the third in farmland and the fourth sediment. The contents of Pb and Cu were the first in farmland, the second in sediment, the third in swamp and the fourth in woodland. The content of Hg was the first in sediment, the second in swamp, the third in farmland and the fourth in woodland. The content of As was the first woodland, the second in farmland, the third in swamp and the fourth in sediment. The contents of Cd and Hg in the farmland and swamp surrounding Caohai Lake have reached level of heavy pollution, but content of Zn was at the level of moderate pollution, contents of Pb and As were at the level of light pollution. The levels of Cd, Hg and Zn in sediment of Caohai Lake have reached heavy pollution while contents of the other 4 have not caused pollution. The heavy-metal pollution of the sediment in Caohai Lake can be classified into the medium level, and it became more severe during the dry season. Especially, the sampling point near the center of the lake was more seriously polluted. For the three sampling region, the further the sampling point from the lakeshore was, the more serious the contamination was. With respect to the four kinds of soils, it was found that the sediment was contaminated most severely followed by the farmland, then swamp, while the woodland was pollution-free. It is supposed that this study could provide some fundamental data for the prevention and control of the heavy-metal contamination of Caohai Lake.
参考文献/References:
[1] 赵如金,高晶,王晓静,等.北固山湿地土壤氮磷及重金属空间分布[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):10-12.
[2] 朱建国,李应中.中国湿地研究现状综述[J].中国农业资源与区划,1996(2):21-24.
[3] 殷康前,倪晋仁.湿地研究综述[J].生态学报,1998,18(5):539-546.
[4] Kumar R P. Heavy metal pollution in lentic ecosystem of sub-tropical industrial region and its phytoremediation[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation,2010,12(3):226-242.
[5] 时亚坤,李凯荣,闫宝环.铜川三里洞煤矿煤矸石风化土壤重金属分布及污染状况分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(1):187-192.
[6] 宋伟,陈百明,刘琳.中国耕地土壤重金属污染概况[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):293-299.
[7] 真真.中国农田土壤重金属污染与其植物修复研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):19-21.
[8] 潘少兵,任晓东.草海国家级自然保护区水生植物群落的数量分类与排序分析[J].生物学杂志,2010,27(5):60-64.
[9] 潘鸿,王洋,晏妮,等.贵州草海水禽繁殖区水生植物群落及物种多样性初步研究[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2005,23(2):15-19.
[10] 孔凡翠,杨瑞东,魏怀瑞,等.贵州威宁草海第四系窑上组沉积物微量元素地球化学特征及其古环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(5):117-126.
[11] 朱正杰,陈敬安,李航,等.贵州草海沉积物碳酸盐碳同位素异常正值的发现及其环境指示意义[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(5):681-685.
[12] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[13] 刘凤枝.农业环境监测实用手册[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[14] 中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[15] 宋春然,何锦林,谭红,等.贵州农业土壤重金属污染的初步评价[J].贵州农业科学,2005,33(2):13-16.
[16] 彭德海,吴攀,曹振兴,等.赫章土法炼锌区水-沉积物重金属污染的时空变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):979-985.
相似文献/References:
[1]芦宝良,陈克龙,曹生奎,等.青海湖典型湿地土壤重金属空间分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):190.
LU Bao-liang,CHEN Ke-long,CAO Sheng-kui,et al.Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metals of Wetlands in Some Representative Regions around Qinghai Lake[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):190.
[2]王向栋,戴全厚,李翠莲,等.草海上游石漠化过程中土壤抗蚀性变化[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(03):13.
WANG Xiangdong,DAI Quanhou,LI Cuilian,et al.Variation of Soil Anti-erodibility During Rocky Desertification in Upper Reaches of Caohai[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(02):13.
[3]李翠莲,戴全厚,姚云.草海不同石漠化程度土壤分形特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(01):158.
LI Cuilian,DAI Quanhou,YAO Yun.Fractal Features of Soil in the Different Degrees of Stony Desertification in Caohai[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(02):158.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-06-29;改回日期:2013-08-27。
基金项目:贵州省社会发展攻关项目（黔科合SY字[2010]3094号）；贵州省科学技术基金项目（黔科合J字[2010]2127）；贵州省教育人才省长资金项目（黔省专合字[2011]16号）
作者简介:张珍明(1986-),男,福建三明人,硕士,研究实习员.主要从事土壤化学与环境方面研究。E-mail:zhang6653579@163.com
通讯作者:林昌虎(1961-),男,贵州盘县人,研究员,从事土壤学与环境科学方面研究。E-mail:linchanghu79@sina.com