HOU Zhi-hua,MA Yi-juan.Study on the Surface Landscape Changes in Fenhe River Basin of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(02):92-97.
黄土高原汾河流域地表景观演变特征研究
- Title:
- Study on the Surface Landscape Changes in Fenhe River Basin of the Loess Plateau
- Keywords:
- landscape changes; spatial distribution; remote sensing; landscape index; Fenhe River basin
- 分类号:
- P901
- 摘要:
- 黄土高原是中国高度脆弱的生态系统之一，基于2000年和2008年两期TM遥感影像，以黄土高原脆弱区独立的流域单元——汾河流域为例，综合运用GIS和RS技术及景观生态学的基本原理与方法，分析该流域地表景观特征及其变化趋势，同时利用DEM数据，探讨景观演变的空间分异规律，为进一步研究流域景观演变驱动机制提供有价值的信息。结果表明：（1）农田、森林、草地始终是该流域的主要景观构成，但绝对优势景观（农田）所占比例大幅下降；（2）就整体景观尺度而言，形状趋于规则，连通性增强，多样性增大，蔓延度下降，整体景观格局受人为活动的干扰越来越强；（3）流失的农田主要流向了草地、森林和聚落，成为该流域8 a来主要的景观演变类型；（4）农田向聚落景观的演变主要发生在地势平坦、海拔低的中部两大盆地地区，农田向林草景观的演变则主要发生在海拔较高、坡度较大的上游、中游南部以及中下游外围的山地丘陵区。
- Abstract:
- The Loess Plateau is one of the most ecologically fragile regions in China. A case study was conducted in an independent basin unit in the eco-fragile region of the Fenhe River basin on the Loess Plateau based on Landsat-TM image respectively made in 2000 and 2008 and integrated by the means of the technology of RS and GIS as well as the theory of landscape ecology, the change tendency of landscape pattern was analyzed, and digital elevation model (DEM) was used to discuss the spatial distribution of the major landscape change types to provided valuable information for studying the driving force of the landscape changes. The results showed: (1) farmland, forest and grass were the main landscape types all along. Moreover, although the farmland element had the absolute superiority over the other two, it sharply decreased during the study period; (2) by analyzing the landscape pattern of the whole area, we found that the shape became more regular, the connectedness rose, diversity index increased and contagion decreased, which suggested the disturbance due to human activities on the landscape change were more and more strong; (3) the changes from farmland grassland, forestland and settlement was the main landscape change types and had constituted in this river basin from 2000 to 2008; (4) the landscape change from farmland to settlement usually occurred in the central basin with lower altitude and flat terrain, while but most of the landscape changes from farmland to grassland and forestland had been found in the upstream area with higher altitude and large slope, in the southern area of middle reaches and in the mountain area of the peripheral middle and lower reaches.
参考文献/References:
[1] 李秀彬.全球环境变化的核心领域:土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1996,51(6):553-557.
[2] Lambin E F, Baulies X, Bockstael N, et al. Land-use and land-cover change(LUCC): Implementation Strategy//A Core Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change[R]. IGBP Report 48.IHDP Report 10.IGBP,Stockholm,1999.
[3] 刘纪元,刘明亮,庄大方,等.中国近期土地利用变化的空间格局分析[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,32(12):1031-1040.
[4] 冷疏影,宋长青,赵楚年,等.关于地理学科“十五”重点项目的思考[J].地理学报,2000,55(6):751-754.
[5] 何方,吴楠,李玲,等.淮河流域上游山区景观格局动态变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):32-37.
[6] 郭程轩,徐颂军,巫细波.佛山市景观格局变化及其动力梯度分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):238-243.
[7] 王继夏,孙虎,李俊霖,等.秦岭中山区山地景观格局变化及驱动力分析:以宁陕县长安河流域为例[J].山地学报,2008,26(5):546-552.
[8] 刘坤,刘贤赵,孔伟.胶东半岛低山丘陵区景观格局变化及其社会经济驱动力研究:以山东招远市为例[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(5):193-198.
[9] 邱彭华,徐颂军,谢跟踪,等.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的海南西部地区生态脆弱性分析[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1257-1264.
[10] 罗彦芳,钱翌,王秀珍,等.淳安县土地利用景观格局特征及其生态效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):371-375.
[11] 张志明,罗亲普,王文礼,等.2D与3D景观指数测定山区植被景观格局变化对比分析[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5886-5893.
[12] 张春英,卓得雄,张祖柱,等.植被景观指数随一阶地形因子分异的变化规律[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2010,30(6):536-541.
[13] 姚晓军,孙美平,刘普幸,等.基于GIS的甘肃省土地利用程度高程模型构建[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):94-100.
[14] 朱乐天,焦峰,刘源鑫,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型土壤水分时空变异特征[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):119-122.
[15] 李秀珍,布仁仓,常禹,等.景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):123-134.
[16] 布仁仓,胡远满,常禹,等.景观指数之间的相关分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2764-2775.
[17] 王景伟,王海泽.景观指数在景观格局描述中的应用:以鞍山大麦科湿地自然保护区为例[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(2):230-233.
相似文献/References:
[1]张晓楠,宋宏利,李振杰.基于地统计学的区域生态服务价值空间分异规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):168.
ZHANG Xiao-nan,SONG Hong-li,LI Zhen-jie.Study on Spatial Distribution of Regional Ecosystem Service Value Based on Geostatistics[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):168.
[2]赵卫权,苏维词,袁俊.基于地形起伏度的贵州省景观空间格局分异特征[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(02):105.
ZHAO Wei-quan,SU Wei-ci,YUAN Jun.Heterogeneity of Landscape Pattern Based on the Relief in Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(02):105.
[3]王宏伟,张鑫,邱俊楠.榆林市脆弱生态空间分异特征及脆弱度分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(03):184.
WANG Hong-wei,ZHANG Xin,QIU Jun-nan.Spatial Differentiation Character of Fragile Ecology and Fragility Analysis in Yulin City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(02):184.
[4]文枫,鲁春阳,杨庆媛,等.重庆市农村居民点用地空间分异研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(04):222.
WEN Feng,LU Chun-yang,YANG Qing-yuan,et al.Research on Spatial Differentiation of the Rural Residential Land in Chongqing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(02):222.
[5]何岩岩,南灵.陕西省农用地资源禀赋的格局演变及空间分异[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(06):186.
HE Yanyan,NAN Ling.Study of Pattern Evolution and Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Land Resource Endowment in Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(02):186.
[6]李智,张小林.江苏省县域生态经济系统协调度的空间分异及影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(06):209.
LI Zhi,ZHANG Xiaolin.Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Eco-Economic Harmony at County Level in Jiangsu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(02):209.
[7]戴明宏,王腊春,魏兴萍.基于熵权的模糊综合评价模型的广西水资源承载力空间分异研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(01):193.
DAI Minghong,WANG Lachun,WEI Xingping.Spatial Difference of Water Resource Carrying Capacity of Guangxi Using Fussy Comprehensive Evaluation Model Based on Entropy Weight Method[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):193.
[8]李益敏,朱军,余艳红.基于GIS和几何平均数模型的流域生态安全评估及在各因子中的分异特征——以星云湖流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(03):198.
LI Yimin,ZHU Jun,YU Yanhong.An Assessment on Basin Ecological Security and Its Variation Characteristics in Factors Based on GIS Technique and Geometric Mean Model —A Case in Nebula Lake Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(02):198.
[9]钟巧,王勇辉,焦黎.夏尔希里地区土壤重金属含量特征及空间变异分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(03):360.
ZHONG Qiao,WANG Yonghui,JIAO Li.Characteristics and Spatial Variability of the Soil Heavy Metals Contents in Xiaerxili Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):360.
[10]李俊杰,米文宝,宋永永,等.宁夏农业现代化水平格局演变及空间分异[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(04):306.
LI Junjie,MI Wenbao,SONG Yongyong,et al.The Pattern Evolution and Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Modernization Level in Ningxia Hui Autonomus Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):306.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2012-09-22;改回日期:2012-10-31。
基金项目:山西省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“汾河流域生态环境脆弱性评估及管理对策研究”（2011327）；山西省科技攻关项目“山西省生态系统脆弱性评价与监测预警研究”（20100311128）
作者简介:侯志华(1981-),女,山西省阳泉市人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事资源环境遥感和GIS应用研究。E-mail:houzhihua1008@126.com
通讯作者:马义娟(1965-),女,山西省太原市人,硕士研究生,教授,主要从事资源与环境变化研究。E-mail:mayijuan@163.com