JI Qi-fang,ZHANG Xing-qi,ZHANG Ke-li,et al.Runoff and Sediment Characteristics of Slope Land in Karst Areas of Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):1-5.
贵州省喀斯特地区坡面产流产沙特征
- Title:
- Runoff and Sediment Characteristics of Slope Land in Karst Areas of Guizhou Province
- Keywords:
- karst; land types; runoff and sediment; Guizhou Province
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 摘要:
- 土壤侵蚀和石漠化严重影响了贵州喀斯特地区的可持续发展。为了有效防治该地区的土壤侵蚀，利用径流小区观测法，通过布设经济林地（梨树）、水保林地（香樟、柏树）、坡耕地（农作物）和裸地（对照）5种径流小区，对该地区不同地类坡面产流产沙特征进行研究。结果表明：坡度为13°的坡耕地和经济林地减流减沙效果显著，产流量分别减少了47.5%和25.8%，产沙量分别减少了78.5%和58.9%，香樟、柏树减流效果不明显，但产沙量分别减少了44.7%和79.3%；坡度为18°时，经济林地（梨树）、水保林地（香障）、水保林地（柏树）、坡耕地（农作物）4种地类的产流量减少45.8%，4.9%，3.8%，16.6%，产沙量分别减少了91.3%，81.1%，77.4%，61.6%。25°的坡耕地产沙量是对照的8.9倍，土壤侵蚀量大幅度增加。产流产沙量与降雨量（P）、最大30 min雨强（I30）和坡度（s）均呈幂函数关系，产沙量与产流量呈线性关系。
- Abstract:
- Soil erosion and rocky desertification strongly affect local sustainable development in karst area. In order to prevent and control efficiently soil erosion in karst area of Guizhou Province, runoff and sediment characteristics of different types of slope land were studied by means of runoff plots observation. Five types of runoff plots were set including commercial forest (pear trees), water conservation forest (Cinnamomum camphora), water conservation forest (cypress), slope farmland (crops) and bare slope land. The results showed that when the slope gradient was 13°, the slope land covered with crops and pear trees were good in protecting soil erosion, which could reduce runoff by 47.5% and 25.8%, respectively, and sediment yield by 78.5% and 58.9%, respectively. The slope land covered with Cinnamomum camphora and cypress were not significant in runoff reduction, while they could reduce sediment yield by 44.7% and 79.3%, respectively. When the slope gradient was 18°, the slope land covered with pear trees,Cinnamomum camphora, cypress and crops could reduce runoff by 45.8%, 4.9%, 3.8% and 16.6%, respectively, and sediment yield by 91.3%, 81.1%, 77.4% and 61.6%, respectively. When the slope gradients was 25°, sediment yield of the slope farmland was almost eight times more than that of the bare slope farmland. Runoff and sediment yield had power function relationship with rainfall (P), maximum rainfall intensity of 30 min (I30) and slope gradients (s). The sediment yield of slope land met linear function with the runoff of slope land.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2011-12-18;修回日期:2012-1-18
基金项目:贵州省水土保持监测站科研项目“西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀机理及水土流失预测研究”（2006200）
作者简介:纪启芳（1986- ），女，山东枣庄人，在读硕士，研究方向：土壤侵蚀和水土保持。E-mail：jiqifang5052006@126.com。
通讯作者:张兴奇（1964- ），男，贵州仁怀人，博士，副教授，主要从事水资源与水土保持研究工作。E-mail：zxqrh@nju.edu.cn。