TANG Ya,XIE Jiasui,CHEN Keming,et al.Contour Hedgerow Intercropping Technology and Its Application in the Sustainable Management of Sloping Agricultural Lands in the Mountains[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(01):104-109.
等高固氮植物篱技术在坡耕地可持续耕作中的应用
- Title:
- Contour Hedgerow Intercropping Technology and Its Application in the Sustainable Management of Sloping Agricultural Lands in the Mountains
- Keywords:
- contour hedgerow intercropping technology; nitrogen fixing plants; soil conservation; enhanced crop yield; environmental conservation; extension
- 分类号:
- S157.2
- 摘要:
- 等高固氮植物篱技术是利用固氮植物能够固氮、生长快和具多用途的特点，在坡耕地上建立高密度植物篱。通过枝叶还田及腐根和枯枝落叶，有效改善土壤肥力、团粒结构及水分渗透率，加上植物篱的机械阻挡，降低地表径流50%～70%，减少土壤侵蚀97%～99%，土壤全氮含量增加65%～103%，有机质含量增加达25%～35%，农作物增产达30%～60%。该技术具有投入低、操作简便、实用性强、效果显著、效益多样的特点。该技术综合地解决了山区坡耕地水土保持和土壤培肥的问题和用地、养地的矛盾，可实现坡耕地的可持续耕作利用，值得在我国山区大力推广。
- Abstract:
- In the past five decades the ever growing human population and declining cropland in China have made the livelihood in the mountains more difficult and forced expansion of farming onto more steep land and clearing of forests and other types of vegetation, causing severe soil erosion. The severe soil erosion and its resultant effects have impeded sustainable development in China. The contour hedgerow intercropping technology is developed to respond to these problems on the basis of the unique features of nitrogen fixing plants, including the ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, the ability to improve soil fertility, the capability of growing fast and the capability of providing multiple benefits. Perennial woody nitrogen fixing plants are planted very thickly along the contour lines on sloping farming land as hedgerows with an inter hedgerow distance of 3～6 meters. The thickly planted hedgerows of nitrogen fixing plants are pruned periodically to avoid shading companion crops and to provide materials to improve soil fertility, water infiltration rate, and soil structure. The properly established and managed contour hedgerows can reduce the surface runoff by 50～70 per cent, and soil loss by 97～99 per cent. Addition of the hedgerow prunnings together with decomposition of roots and litter can improve considerably soil fertility, water infiltration rate, and soil physical structure, leading to the increase in the content of nitrogen and organic matter by 65%～103% and 25%～35%, respectively. The improved soil fertility and soil moisture condition enhanced the crop yield by 30%～60%. The contour hedgerow intercropping technology is low in cost, easy to adopt, effective, and multipurpose, and makes sustainable development in the mountains possible. It should be diffused widely in the mountainous region of China and it is believed that the wide extension would contribute greatly to sustainable agricultural development and environmental protection in the mountains.
参考文献/References:
[1] 李文华.长江洪水与生态建设[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(1):1～8.
[2] 史德明.长江流域水土流失与洪涝灾害关系剖析[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(1):1～7.
[3] 李秀彬.中国近20年来耕地面积的变化及其政策启示[J].自然资源学报.1999.14(4):329～333.
[4] 黄义端,江忠善.陕南汉江、嘉陵江流域水土流失与"81·8"洪灾[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊,1986,第4集:93～103.
[5] 唐克丽.中国土壤侵蚀与水土保持学的特点及展望[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):2～7.
[6] 赵燮京,庞良玉,张建华,刘定辉.改善生态环境,防治长江上游水土流失[J].水土保持研究,1996(2):88～92.
[7] Tang Ya.Options for improving productivity of marginal farms-a regional programme on soil conserving farming systems[R].1998-2001.International centre for integrated mountain development (ICIMOD),Kathmandu,Nepal.1999.
[8] The Fertilizer Institute.Fertilizer facts and figures[M].Washington,D.C.1990.
[9] Pimentel D et al.Economic and environmental benefits of biodiversiy[J].Bio.Science.1997(47):747～757.
[10] 彭珂珊.1998年洪灾之后对我国生态环境问题的思考[J].科学,1999,51(2):32～36.
[11] 苏凤岩,孙慧君,李维光,等.生态环境对刺槐根瘤菌共生体系的影响[J].生态学杂志,1990,9(1):51～53.
[12] 何兴元,张成刚,杨思河,等.结瘤固氮树种叶部主要养分迁移特征[J].生态学杂志,1997,16(3):63～66.
[13] 陈克明,等.宁南炭林合理布局与示范研究[A].见:亚热带干热河谷区宁南县农村能源综合建设研究.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1991.
[14] 何兴元,张成刚,杨思河,等.固氮树种在混交林中的作用研究.I:沙棘混交林内根瘤固N与林木生长[J].应用生态学报.1996,(7):354～358.
[15] 孙辉,唐亚,陈克明,等.固氮植物篱防治土壤侵蚀效果的研究[J].水土保持通报.1999,19(6):1～5.
[16] 孙辉,唐亚,陈克明,等.固氮植物篱改善退化坡耕地土壤养分状况的效果[J].应用与环境生物学报.1999,5(5):473～477.
[17] 袁远亮,孙辉,唐亚.固氮植物篱梯埂套种桑树效益初探[J].生态农业研究,2000,8(2):69～71.
[18] 唐亚,陈克明,谢嘉穗,等.论固氮植物在山区农业持续发展中的应用[J].地理研究.1999(13):73～78.
[19] 王群会,王为农,贺军伟.解决农村能源问题的突破口[J].中国水土保持.1984,(10):38～39.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2000-9-25
基金项目:国际山地中心(ICIMOD)ATSCFS项目四川省青年科技基金中国科学院成都地奥科学基金共同资助课题