Liu Jiansong,Cai Yinfei,Wang Yaru,et al.Analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in a typical coal mining area on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(04):217-226.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.04.037]
黄土高原典型矿区生态脆弱性时空特征与驱动分析
- Title:
- Analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in a typical coal mining area on the Loess Plateau
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409（2025）04-0217-10
- Keywords:
- ecological vulnerability; the Loess Plateau mining area; mining influence zone; mining subsidence; driving factors; mediating effect
- 分类号:
- X826
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]揭示矿区生态脆弱性时空特征和驱动因子，为矿区环保政策制定、生态修复规划提供科学参考。[方法]以半干旱黄土高原典型矿区西山煤田为研究区，将采煤影响作为分区依据并量化为评价指标，利用综合指数法、地理探测器、中介效应模型进行生态脆弱性的时空特征及直接和间接驱动分析。[结果]（1）研究时段内，生态脆弱性先降后增，标准化生态脆弱性指数（SEVI）由0.3754先降至0.3260，随后增至0.3336，整体上显著下降；空间上呈“中部低，北部、东南高”的分布格局，与人类活动及煤炭开采空间耦合性较高。（2）植被覆盖度和总初级生产力为主要驱动因子，q值分别为0.492，0.500；多因子协同作用时驱动力大于单因子；主要驱动因子在采煤沉陷和生态脆弱性间发挥中介作用。（3）各分区SEVI为：直接开采区（0.3542）>自然生态区（0.3338）>开采缓冲区（0.3333），开采加剧生态脆弱性。[结论]西山煤田生态脆弱性在研究时段内整体下降，植被覆盖度和总初级生产力为主要驱动力，且在采煤沉陷和生态脆弱性间发挥中介作用，煤炭开采制约了矿区生态环境恢复。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The aims of this study are to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in mining areas, and provide scientific reference for environmental protection policy formulation and ecological restoration planning in mining areas. [Methods] Xishan Coalfield, a typical mining area on the Loess Plateau, was selected as the study area. The impact of coal mining was used as the basis for zoning and quantified as an assessment index, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of ecological vulnerability as well as the direct and indirect drivers were analyzed by using the composite index method, geographical detector, and mediating effect model. [Results](1) During the study period, the ecological vulnerability decreased first and then increased, with the standardized ecological vulnerability index(SEVI) decreasing first from 0.375 4 to 0.326 0, and then increasing to 0.333 6, showing an overall significant decrease. Spatially, a distribution pattern was‘low in the middle, high in the north and southeast’, with a high spatial coupling with human activities and coal mining.(2) Vegetation coverage and gross primary productivity were the main driving factors, with q values of 0.492 and 0.500, respectively. The driving force of multi-factor synergy was greater than that of single factor, and the main driving factors played a mediating role between coal mining subsidence and ecological vulnerability.(3) The SEVI of each zone was： direct mining zone(0.354 2)>natural ecological zone(0.333 8)>mining buffer zone(0.333 3), and mining exacerbated ecological vulnerability. [Conclusion] The ecological vulnerability of Xishan Coalfield decreased overall during the study period. Vegetation coverage and gross primary productivity were the main driving forces, playing a mediating role between coal mining subsidence and ecological vulnerability. Coal mining restricts the restoration of ecological environment in mining areas.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-10-15 修回日期：2024-11-10 接受日期：2024-11-22
资助项目：国家自然科学基金项目（52074133）；教育部产学合作协同育人项目（220905458233959）；山西省自然科学基金项目（20210302124437）
第一作者：刘健松（2000—），男，山西晋城人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿山生态修复与土地复垦。E-mail：13620648718@163.com
通信作者：蔡音飞（1983—），男，浙江嘉兴人，博士，副教授，主要从事矿山开采沉陷、环境评估与保护工作。E-mail：caiyinfei@tyut.edu.cn