Wang Shanshan,Lyu Gang,Dong Liang,et al.Simulation study of rill erosion process of waste dump slopes under extreme rainstorms[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(04):18-25.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.04.030]
极端暴雨作用下排土场边坡细沟侵蚀过程模拟研究
- Title:
- Simulation study of rill erosion process of waste dump slopes under extreme rainstorms
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409（2025）04-0018-08
- Keywords:
- rill erosion; waste dump model; extreme rainstorm; similar simulation principle; sediment yield rate
- 分类号:
- S157
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]排土场边坡的稳定性直接影响到矿山生产和生态环境的重建，而极端暴雨是导致边坡侵蚀及失稳的主要因素，因此明晰极端暴雨下排土场边坡细沟侵蚀机理至关重要。[方法]以胜利东二号露天排土场为研究对象，基于相似试验原理，建立二阶排土场模型，采用人工模拟降雨试验的方法，模拟极端暴雨（90，120，150mm/h）条件下排土场边坡细沟侵蚀动过程和细沟形态特征。[结果]（1）细沟侵蚀过程分为面蚀、细沟雏形、细沟发育和细沟发育稳定4个阶段；（2）随雨强梯度的增加，细沟流速增幅7.7%~76.5%，最大沟长和最大沟深平均增加26.7%和62.0%，细沟的宽深比平均减少22.6%；（3）两场降雨的平均产沙率随雨强梯度增加依次增大93%和10%，52%和69%。[结论]细沟流速和细沟总长对降雨强度响应较大，平均产沙率与降雨强度呈正相关。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The stability of dump slopes directly influences mine production and the reconstruction of the ecological environment, and extreme rainstorms are the primary factors contributing to the erosion and instability of slopes. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the rill erosion mechanism of dump slopes under extreme rainstorms. [Methods] Taking Shengli East No.2 open-cast mine dump as the research object, a second-order waste dump model was established based on the similar simulation principle. Artificial rainfall simulation tests were conducted to simulate the rill erosion processes and the rill morphological characteristics on the waste dump slopes under extreme rainstorms(90, 120 and 150 mm/h). [Results](1) The rill erosion process was divided into four stages： surface erosion, rill formation, rill development, and rill stabilization.(2) With the increase of rainfall intensity, the rill flow velocity increased by 7.7% to 76.5%, the maximum length and maximum depth of rills increased by an average of 26.7% and 62.0%, and the rill width-depth ratio decreased by an average of 22.6%.(3) The average sediment yield rates of the two rainfall events increased with the rainfall intensity gradient by 93% and 10%, and 52% and 69%, respectively. [Conclusion] The flow velocity and total length of rills show a notable response to rainfall intensity, and the average sediment yield rate is positively correlated with rainfall intensity.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-10-03 修回日期：2024-11-19 接受日期：2024-12-02
资助项目：国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFC1503105）；辽宁省“兴辽英才人才计划”项目（XLYC2007046）；辽宁工程技术大学双一流学科创新团队建设项目（LNTU20TD-24）
第一作者：王珊珊（1992—），女，辽宁本溪人，硕士，研究方向为水土保持与生态修复。E-mail：shanshanstudy@163.com
通信作者：吕刚（1979—），男，吉林九台人，博士，教授，主要从事水土保持与生态修复研究。E-mail：lvgang2637@126.com