He Yuan,Zhang Huilan,Gu Fangzheng,et al.Simulation of the influence of rigid vegetation coverage and configuration on overland flow hydrodynamics and turbulence characteristics[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(03):8-17.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.03.032]
模拟刚性植被盖度及配置方式对坡面流水动力参数及紊动特性的影响
- Title:
- Simulation of the influence of rigid vegetation coverage and configuration on overland flow hydrodynamics and turbulence characteristics
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409（2025）03-0008-10
- Keywords:
- overland flow; vegetation configuration mode; simulation experiment; hydraulic parameters; turbulence characteristics
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]揭示不同植被配置方式对坡面流水动力及其紊动特性的影响，为植被坡面土壤侵蚀机制和植被资源的合理配置提供科学依据。[方法]采用室内水槽冲刷试验的方法，模拟刚性植被近地表盖度（8.9%，4.5%，2.2%，1.1%，0.6%，0.3%）、乔灌配置方式（灌木、乔灌结合、乔木）与空间分布形式（均匀、随机、聚集）在6组不同流量条件下坡面流水动力参数、水流阻力的总体变化特征，并重点关注不同配置因子对坡面流影响程度的大小和局部尺度的促紊作用。[结果]（1）植被覆盖使坡面相较于裸坡平均水深雍高了1.3~2.3倍，平均流速降低了16%~48%。不同植被配置方式壅水降速效果为密集>中等>稀疏、灌木>乔灌结合>乔木、随机>均匀>聚集，3种配置因子对坡面流的影响为植被盖度>乔灌配置>空间分布形式。（2）植被的体积阻力系数随着植被盖度的增大呈现线性增大趋势（R2>0.90），且随流量增大，该趋势渐缓；紊流强度随综合植被配置参数的增大呈幂函数关系（R?>0.99）。流速相同条件下，随着盖度增加，植被坡面相较于裸坡有产生尾涡增加紊动的作用；水力坡度相同条件下，植被坡面紊动能水平与裸坡相比，出现先增加后减小的变化特征。[结论]植被盖度对于坡面流阻力及紊动特性的影响要大于乔灌配置方式与空间分布形式。随着盖度增加，植被通过局部促紊作用与宏观增阻作用的相互制衡，共同决定了坡面流紊动能占总动能的比例。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] This study aims to reveal the effects of different vegetation configurations on the hydrody-namics and turbulence characteristics of overland flow. The findings will provide a scientific basis for understanding slope soil erosion mechanisms and optimizing vegetation resource configuration on slopes. [Methods] This study used an indoor flume scouring experiment to simulate various near-surface coverage levels of rigid vegetation (8.9%, 4.5%, 2.2%, 1.1%, 0.6%, 0.3%), arbor-shrub configurations (shrub only, arbor-shrub combined, and arbor only), and spatial distributions (homogeneous, random, and aggregated) at six sets of different flow rates. It analyzed overland flow hydrodynamic parameters (water depth, flow velocity, flow pattern, and flow regime), the overall changes in flow resistance, and focused on the influence degree of different configuration factors on overland flow and their turbulence-promotion effects at the local scale. [Results] (1) Vegetation coverage increased the average water depth of the slope by 1.3~2.3 times and reduced the average flow velocity by 16%~48% compared to the bare slope. The effect of different vegetation configurations on water depth increase and velocity reduction followed the order： dense>medium>sparse, shrub only>arbor-shrub combined>arbor only, random>homogeneous>aggregated, and the effect of the three configurations on overland flow was vegetation coverage>arbor-shrub configuration>spatial distribution. (2) The bulk drag coefficient of the vegetated slope showed a linear increasing trend with the increase of vegetation coverage(R2>0.90), and with the increase of flow rate, the trend was slower； the turbulence intensity showed a power function relationship with the increase of the comprehensive vegetation configuration parameter (R2>0.99). Under the same conditions of flow velocity, with the increase of coverage, the vegetated slope had the effect of generating wake to increase turbulence compared with the bare slope. Under the same conditions of hydraulic gradient, the level of turbulent kinetic energy of the vegetated slope compared with the bare slope appeared to first increase and then decrease. [Conclusion] Vegetation coverage has a greater impact on overland flow resistance and turbulence characteristics than arbor-shrub configuration or spatial distribution. As coverage increases, the balance between localized turbulence-promotion and macroscopic resistance-enhancement determines the ratio of turbulent kinetic energy to total kinetic energy in overland flow.
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相似文献/References:
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-07-17 修回日期：2024-09-16 接受日期：2024-10-14
资助项目：国家自然科学基金项目（42107356）；中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所青年科学家小组项目（22023QNXZ03）。
第一作者：王丽鑫（1998—），女，河北省承德市人，博士研究生，研究方向为土壤侵蚀。E-mail：s210201001@neau.edu.cn
通信作者：王文龙（1964—），男，陕西省大荔县人，博士，研究员，主要从事土壤侵蚀和水土保持方面的研究。E-mail：wlwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn