Sheng Feng,Shen Xinxia,Sheng Xinbin.Effects of the returned straws with different crushing degrees on the physical and chemical properties and water flow characteristics of red soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(02):131-139.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.02.029]
不同粉碎程度的秸秆还田对红壤理化性质和水流运动特征的影响
- Title:
- Effects of the returned straws with different crushing degrees on the physical and chemical properties and water flow characteristics of red soil
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2025)02-0131-09
- Keywords:
- red soil; straw returning; soil organic matter; soil nutrients; soil structure; soil property; preferential flow
- 分类号:
- S156.6
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]阐明不同粉碎程度的秸秆还田对红壤理化性质和水流运动特征的影响,为南方红壤区秸秆还田管理提供参考。[方法]通过室内进行的秸秆还田试验研究了不同破碎程度(粉末状、3～5 cm切碎状和30 cm整根状)的玉米和水稻秸秆还田对红壤有机质和养分含量、团聚体稳定性、容重和水流运动非均匀系数的影响。[结果]3种秸秆还田处理均增大了秸秆还田层和底土层的土壤有机质含量,其中玉米和水稻粉末状秸秆还田处理的还田层土壤有机质含量分别增加了30.84%和41.63%; 秸秆还田处理虽有利于增加土壤中氮、磷、钾等营养元素的含量,但玉米和水稻秸秆还田处理在秸秆腐解初期的土壤铵态氮含量分别降低了21.49%和27.83%、土壤速效磷含量分别降低了17.62%和23.29%,因此秸秆还田时需要配施氮肥和磷肥以缓解秸秆腐解初期土壤氮磷元素不足; 3种秸秆还田处理均增大了秸秆还田层的土壤团聚体平均重量直径、降低了土壤容重,其中玉米和水稻粉末状秸秆还田处理的土壤团聚体平均重量直径分别增加176.19%和200.95%、土壤容重分别降低7.50%和8.33%; 3种秸秆还田处理均增大了灌溉入渗水流运动的非均匀性,其中整根状秸秆还田处理整体和侧面优先流通道弯曲系数分别增大了1.25～2.02倍和5.44～6.05倍。[结论]秸秆的粉碎程度越高,其对还田土壤理化性质的改良越迅速,但同时也增大了土壤水流运动的非均匀性。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aim of this study is to illustrate the impacts of the returned straws with different crushing degrees on the physical and chemical properties and the characteristics of water flow movement in red soil, and to provide a reference for the management of straw returned to farmland in the red soil zone of southern China. [Methods]Laboratory experiments with different kinds of straws(corn straw and rice straw)and different degrees of straw crushed(10-mesh size powder, 3～5 cm length chopped and 30 cm length chopped)were conducted to study the effects of straw returning to field on soil physical and chemical properties(i. e. organic matter content, ammonia nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, soil bulk density, aggregate stability and available potassium content)and heterogeneous soil water flow characteristics. [Results]All the three kinds of straw returning methods of corn straw and rice straw increased the soil organic matter content in both returning and non-returning soil layers. Specially, the soil organic matter content increased by 30.84% and 41.63% in the returned soil layers of powered corn straw and rice straw returning, respectively. Though all the three kinds of corn straw and rice straw returning methods had the ability in increasing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, ammonia nitrogen decreased by 21.49% and 27.83%, and available phosphorus decreased by 17.62% and 23.29%, in the returned soil layers and at the prophase of corn straw and rice straw returning, respectively. Thus, the application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer with straw returning was necessary in engineering to alleviate the deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in soil at the prophase after straw returning. All the three kinds of straw returning methods of corn straw and rice straw increased the average weight diameter of soil aggregates and decreased soil bulk density in returned soil layer. Specially, the average weight diameter of soil aggregates increased by 176.19% and 200.95%, and the soil bulk density decreased by 7.50% and 8.33% in the returned soil layers of powered corn straw and rice straw returning, respectively. All the three kinds of straw returning methods of corn straw and rice straw increased the preferential soil water flow heterogeneity. Specially, the overall and lateral preferential flow heterogeneity coefficient increased by 1.25～2.02 times and 5.44～6.05 times of integral corn straw and rice straw returning, respectively. [Conclusion]The higher the degree of straw crushed, the faster it improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but it also increases the heterogeneity of water flow movement.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2024-04-20 修回日期:2024-07-07 接受日期:2024-07-15
资助项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(51579020); 湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ30602)
第一作者:盛丰(1981—),男,湖南株洲人,博士,教授,主要从事非饱和带土壤水动力学与水土环境研究。E-mail:fsaint8586@163.com