Li Wenbin,Cao Shengkui,Cao Guangchao,et al.Spatiotemporal Patterns of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity and Their Drivers in Qinghai Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(05):327-336,343.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.05.004]
2000—2020年青海湖流域植被净初级生产力时空格局及驱动分析
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Patterns of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity and Their Drivers in Qinghai Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)05-0327-10
- Keywords:
- Qinghai Lake Basin; NPP; spatiotemporal patterns; geographic detector
- 分类号:
- Q948
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]明确2000—2020年青海湖流域植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)时空格局变化特征,探究影响植被NPP的主要因素及驱动比例,为青海湖流域基础科学研究提供参考。[方法]以青海湖流域为研究区域,基于2000—2020年植被NPP、气温、降水量、植被覆盖度、人类活动强度数据,采用ArcGIS空间分析、地理探测器模型等方法,分析植被NPP在子流域、海拔、微地形上的时空变化,并对流域NPP与气温、降水量和植被覆盖度的相关性及植被NPP的驱动要素进行研究。[结果](1)21年间青海湖流域年植被NPP逐年波动上升,增速为2.22 g C·m2/a,空间上自西北向东南递增。(2)年植被NPP与年均气温、年降水量、年植被覆盖度的显著相关区域占流域面积比依次为40%,9%,59%。年均气温和年降水量与年植被NPP的一级偏相关系数显著区域占流域面积比分别是59.26%和33.39%。(3)驱动分析表明气温(q=0.58)、海拔(q=0.54)、人类活动(q=0.38)是流域NPP的主要驱动因子,并且因子交互解释力强于单因子解释力。[结论]2000—2020年青海湖流域植被NPP整体逐年增长,在海拔、子流域和微地形格局上表现出显著的空间分异性,气温、海拔、人类活动的交互驱动是流域NPP的主要驱动类型。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The primary objective of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in net primary productivity(NPP)of vegetation within Qinghai Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020. Additionally, it aims to reveal the key factors and their contributive driver of changes in vegetation NPP. The research is designed to provide a baseline scientific investigation on dynamics of NPP within Qinghai Lake Basin. [Methods]We used data on vegetation NPP, temperature, precipitation, fractional vegetation cover and human activity intensity in Qinghai Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020 to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of vegetation NPP across sub-basins, elevations, and micro-terrain in Qinghai Lake Basin. We applied spatial analysis of ArcGIS, geographic detector model to conduct these analyses. Furthermore, We also investigated the correlations of vegetation NPP with temperature, precipitation, and fractional vegetation cover, as well as the driving factors of vegetation NPP. [Results](1)In the past 21 years, the annual vegetation NPP in the Qinghai Lake Basin exhibited fluctuating increase across temporal scale, with a growth rate of 2.22 g C·m2/a, and spatially increased trend from northwest to southeast.(2)The study also revealed spatially significant correlations between annual vegetation NPP and mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and annual fractional vegetation cover, with the ratios 40%, 9% and 59%, respectively. The primary partial correlation coefficients between mean annual temperature and annual precipitation with annual vegetation NPP encompassed 59.26% and 33.39% of the basin area.(3)The results of our study also revealed that temperature(q=0.58), elevations(q=0.54)and human activity intensity(q=0.38)were principal drivers of basin-scale NPP, also, interactive impact of factors were found to better explain these drives than any of single factor. [Conclusion]The NPP of vegetation in Qinghai Lake Basin increased over temporal scales from 2000 to 2020. Our study showed spatially significant differences in NPP across elevation, subwatershed and microtopographic pattern. The interactions of temperature, altitude and human activities were the main driving factors of NPP in the Qinghai Lake Basin.
参考文献/References:
[1]Running S W, Nemani R R, Heinsch F A, et al. A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production[J]. Bioscience, 2004,54(6):547-560.
[2]Field C B, Behrenfeld M J, Randerson J T, et al. Primary production of the biosphere:Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components[J]. Science, 1998,281(5374):237-240.
[3]刘芳,迟耀斌,王智勇,等. NPP列入生态统计指标体系的潜力分析:以北京地区NPP测算与空间分析为例[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):960-966.
Liu F, Chi Y B, Wang Z Y, et al. Potential analysis on NPP included as ecological statistical indicators:Taking Beijing vegetation net primary productivity measurement and spatial analysis as an example[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2009,18(3):960-966.
[4]姚檀栋,朱立平.青藏高原环境变化对全球变化的响应及其适应对策[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(5):459-464.
Yao T D, Zhu L P. The response of environmental changes on Tibetan Plateau to global changes and adaptation strategy[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2006,21(5):459-464.
[5]刘飞,刘峰贵,周强,等.青藏高原生态风险及区域分异[J].自然资源学报,2021,36(12):3232-3246.
Liu F, Liu F G, Zhou Q, et al. Ecological risk and regional differentiation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2021,36(12):3232-3246.
[6]张镱锂,祁威,周才平,等.青藏高原高寒草地净初级生产力(NPP)时空分异[J].地理学报,2013,68(9):1197-1211.
Zhang Y L, Qi W, Zhou C P, et al. Spatial and temporal variability in the net primary production(NPP)of alpine grassland on Tibetan Plateau from 1982 to 2009[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013,68(9):1197-1211.
[7]周才平,欧阳华,王勤学,等.青藏高原主要生态系统净初级生产力的估算[J].地理学报,2004,59(1):74-79.
Zhou C P, Ouyang H, Wang Q X, et al. Estimation of net primary productivity of major ecosystems in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2004,59(1):74-79.
[8]曹生奎,曹广超,陈克龙,等.青海湖高寒湿地土壤有机碳含量变化特征分析[J].土壤,2013,45(3):392-398.
Cao S K, Cao G C, Chen K L, et al. Characteristics of alpine wetland soil organic carbon variations around Qinghai Lake[J]. Soils, 2013,45(3):392-398.
[9]李小雁,许何也,马育军,等.青海湖流域土地利用/覆被变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(2):285-296.
Li X Y, Xu H Y, Ma Y J, et al. Land use/cover change in the Qinghai Lake watershed[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2008,23(2):285-296.
[10]乔凯,郭伟.青海湖流域植被的净初级生产力估算[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):204-209.
Qiao K, Guo W. Estimating net primary productivity of alpine grassland in Qinghai Lake basin[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016,36(6):204-209.
[11]王琪,吴成永,陈克龙,等.基于MODIS NPP数据的青海湖流域产草量与载畜量估算研究[J].生态科学,2019,38(4):178-185.
Wang Q, Wu C Y, Chen K L, et al. Estimating grassland yield and carrying capacity in Qinghai Lake Basin based on MODIS NPP data[J]. Ecological Science, 2019,38(4):178-185.
[12]王志刚,曹生奎,曹广超.近15年来青海湖流域气温、降水变化对植被物候驱动分析[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(1):249-255.
Wang Z G, Cao S K, Cao G C. Analysis on the drive of temperature and precipitation changes to vegetation phenology of the Qinghai Lake basin in the past 15 years[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022,29(1):249-255.
[13]张乐乐,高黎明,陈克龙.高分辨率遥感降水资料在青海湖流域及周边区域的适用性评价[J].水文,2020,40(5):15-21.
Zhang L L, Gao L M, Chen K L. Evaluation of high-resolution remote sensing precipitation data in and near Qinghai Lake basin[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2020,40(5):15-21.
[14]潘虹,顾海敏,史建桥,等.基于RS和GIS的青海湖流域植被覆盖度变化与驱动因子研究[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(7):827-831,768.
Pan H, Gu H M, Shi J Q, et al. Study on changes of vegetation fraction and its driving factors in Qinghai Lake basin based on RS and GIS[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2016,32(7):827-831,768.
[15]李岳坦,李小雁,崔步礼,等.青海湖流域50年来(1956—2007年)河川径流量变化趋势:以布哈河和沙柳河为例[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(5):757-766.
Li Y T, Li X Y, Cui B L, et al. Trend of stream flow in Lake Qinghai Basin during the past 50 years(1956—2007)—Take Buha River and Shaliu River for examples[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2010,22(5):757-766.
[16]俞文政,曲福田,张和平,等.青海湖地区草地资源生产潜力及可持续利用分析[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(3):78-83.
Yu W Z, Qu F T, Zhang H P, et al. The analysis on the productive potential and sustainable utilization of grassland resources in Qinghai Lake Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2007,29(3):78-83.
[17]拓进宝.2000-2016年青海湖流域NDVI时空变化及其与环境因子的关系[D].西宁:青海师范大学,2019.
Tuo J B. Temporal and spatial evolution of NDVI in Qinghai lake basin and its relationship with environmental factors[D]. Xining:Qinghai Normal University, 2019.
[18]Liu H M, Cheng Y, Liu Z F, et al. Conflict or coordination:The spatiotemporal relationship between humans and nature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Earth'S Future, 2023,11(9):2022EF003452.
[19]中华人民共和国生态环境部.全国生态状况调查评估技术规范:草地生态系统野外观测HJ1168—2021[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2021-08-01.
Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status:Field observation of grassland ecosystem HJ1168—2021[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2021-08-01.
[20]中华人民共和国生态环境部.全国生态状况调查评估技术规范:森林生态系统野外观测HJ1167—2021[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2021-08-01.
Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.Technical Specification for Investigation and Assessment of National Ecological Status—Field Observation of Forest Ecosystem HJ1167—2021[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2021-08-01.
[21]康利刚,曹生奎,曹广超,等.青海湖流域地表温度时空变化特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2023,46(7):1084-1097.
Kang L G, Cao S K, Cao G C, et al. Spatiotemporal variation of land surface temperature in Qinghai Lake Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023,46(7):1084-1097.
[22]同琳静,刘洋洋,王倩,等.青藏高原草地降水利用效率时空动态及对气候变化的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(5):226-234.
Tong L J, Liu Y Y, Wang Q, et al. Spatial-temporal dynamics of precipitation use efficiency in grassland and its relationship with climate changes on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2019,37(5):226-234.
[23]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2017.
Xu J H. Mathematical methods in contemporary geography[M].3rd Ed. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2017.
[24]王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
Wang J F, Xu C D. Geodetector:Principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(1):116-134.
[25]卓嘎,陈思蓉,周兵.青藏高原植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候因子的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):3208-3218.
Zhuoga, Chen S R, Zhou B. Spatio-temporal variation of vegetation coverage over the Tibetan Plateau and its responses to climatic factors[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(9):3208-3218.
[26]许洁,陈惠玲,商沙沙,等.2000—2014年青藏高原植被净初级生产力时空变化及对气候变化的响应[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(3):592-601.
Xu J, Chen H L, Shang S S, et al. Response of net primary productivity of Tibetan Plateau vegetation to climate change based on CEVSA model[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020,43(3):592-601.
[27]刘杰,汲玉河,周广胜,等.2000—2020年青藏高原植被净初级生产力时空变化及其气候驱动作用[J].应用生态学报,2022,33(6):1533-1538.
Liu J, Ji Y H, Zhou G S, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of net primary productivity(NPP)and its climate driving effect in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China from 2000 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022,33(6):1533-1538.
[28]徐兴奎,陈红, Levy Jason K.气候变暖背景下青藏高原植被覆盖特征的时空变化及其成因分析[J].科学通报,2008,53(4):456-462.
Xu X K, Chen H, LEVY Jason K. Temporal and spatial changes of vegetation coverage characteristics in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the background of climate warming and its causes[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008,53(4):456-462.
[29]王莉娜,宋伟宏,张金龙,等.祁连山国家公园植被净初级生产力时空演变及驱动因素分析[J].草业科学,2020,37(8):1458-1474.
Wang L N, Song W H, Zhang J L, et al. Spatio-temporal evolution of vegetation net primary productivity in Qilian Mountain National Park and its driving factors[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2020,37(8):1458-1474.
[30]朱华.青海湖流域生态治理模式与对策研究[J].青海社会科学,2012(6):94-98.
Zhu H. Study on ecological management model and countermeasures in Qinghai Lake Basin[J]. Qinghai Social Sciences, 2012(6):94-98.
相似文献/References:
[1]李璠,周国英,杨路存,等.围栏封育对青海湖流域主要植物群落多样性与稳定性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(04):135.
LI Fan,ZHOU Guo-ying,YANG Lu-cun,et al.Effect of Fence on Biodiversity and Stability of the Main Plant Communities in the Qinghai Lake Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(05):135.
[2]曹生奎,陈克龙,曹广超,等.草地退化对青海湖流域小蒿草草甸土壤碳密度的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(01):71.
CAO Sheng-kui,CHEN Ke-long,CAO Guang-chao,et al.Influence of Grassland Degradation on the Soil Carbon Density of the Kobresia pygmaea Meadow in the Qinghai Lake Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(05):71.
[3]王胜利,刘伟,张连蓬,等.地学环境变量支持的土壤全钾含量自适应曲面建模——以青海湖流域典型地区为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(01):132.
WANG Shengli,LIU Wei,ZHANG Lianpeng,et al.Adaptive Surface Modeling of Soil Total Potassium Content Supported by the Environment Variables—A Case Study in Typical Areas of Qinghai Lake Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(05):132.
[4]杜波波,阿拉腾图娅,包 刚,等.基于CASA模型模拟锡林郭勒草原净初级生产力[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(05):293.
DU Bobo,Alatengtuya,BAO Gang,et al.Simulation of Net Primary Productivity of Xilingol Grassland Based on CASA Model[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(05):293.
[5]王志刚,曹生奎,曹广超.近15年来青海湖流域气温、降水变化对植被物候驱动分析[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(01):249.
WANG Zhigang,CAO Shengkui,CAO Guangchao.Analysis on the Drive of Temperature and Precipitation Changes to Vegetation Phenology of the Qinghai Lake Basin in the Past 15 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(05):249.
[6]李鲁冰,林文鹏,任晨阳,等.两种生态系统服务价值评估方法的比较研究——以环杭州湾地区为例[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(03):228.
LI Lubing,LIN Wenpeng,REN Chenyang,et al.Comparative Study on Two Assessment Methods of Ecosystem Service Value[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(05):228.
[7]王辉源,宋进喜,吴 琼.基于SWAT模型的秦岭北麓灞河流域水源涵养功能综合评价[J].水土保持研究,2023,30(06):307.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.06.030]
Wang Huiyuan,Song Jinxi,Wu Qiong.Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Source Conservation Function in the Bahe River Basin at the Northern Foot of Qinling Mountains Based on SWAT Model[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(05):307.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.06.030]
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-09-30 修回日期:2023-11-09
资助项目:国家自然科学基金“青海湖流域高寒湿地生态系统碳水收支变异特征及尺度扩展研究”(42061008)
第一作者:李文斌(1998—),男,青海海北人,硕士,研究方向为生态水文与水资源学。E-mail:1907634648@qq.com
通信作者:曹生奎(1979—),男,青海西宁人,博士,教授,研究方向为生态水文与水资源学。E-mail:caoshengkui@163.com