Zhang Meng,Hu Guiqing,Zhang Wentai,et al.Effect of Long-Term Vegetation Coverage on Runoff and Sediment Reducing Ability of Purple Soil Slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(05):164-172.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.05.029]
长期植被覆盖对紫色土坡面减流减沙能力的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Long-Term Vegetation Coverage on Runoff and Sediment Reducing Ability of Purple Soil Slope
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)05-0164-09
- Keywords:
- vegetation; soil erosion; runoff coefficient; sediment content; benefits of runoff and sediment reduction
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]研究长期林草植被覆盖小区减流减沙能力的变化速率,为西南土石山区水土保持植被恢复提供科学依据。[方法]2018—2021年在贵州省赤水市天台镇径流场观测了15°裸地、15°草地、15°林地、30°林地与30°草地5个径流小区的产流产沙、植被覆盖、土壤表层含水量数据,用径流系数和含沙量的变化反映各小区减流减沙能力的变化。[结果]5个小区减流减沙效益排序为30°草地>15°林地>30°林地>15°草地>裸地。其中,30°草地小区植被覆盖度最高,为92.8%,其径流量和土壤侵蚀模数分别为2.43 mm和6.51 t/(km2·a)。裸地小区径流量最高,为153.49 mm,土壤侵蚀模数最高,为1214.5 t/(km2·a); 15°草地小区径流系数降低速率最快,为-0.292%/a,其含沙量降低速率也最快,为-14.6 g/(L·a)。植被覆盖度与径流量之间负相关关系极显著,与含沙量负相关关系显著,与土壤表层含水量呈极显著正相关关系。[结论]高植被覆盖度有利于植被恢复、水源涵养和控制水土流失。对于水土流失相对严重的15°草地坡面,其长期植被覆盖的水土保持效益更为明显。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aims of this study are to investigate the changing rates of runoff and sediment reduction capacity for long-term forest and grass vegetation coverage plots, and to provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration of soil and water conservation in southwest rocky mountain area of China. [Methods]From 2018 to 2021, the data of runoff and sediment yield, vegetation coverage as well as soil surface water content in the five runoff plots, i.e. 15° bare land, 15° grassland, 15° forest land, 30° forest land and 30° grassland, were observed in Tiantai Town, Chishui City, Guizhou Province. The changes of runoff coefficient and sediment concentration were used to reflect the changing rates of runoff and sediment reduction capacity in each plot. [Results]The order of flow and sediment reduction benefits in the five communities was 30° grassland>15° forest>30° forest>15° grassland>bare land. Among them, the vegetation coverage of the 30° grassland community was the highest, at 92.8%, with runoff and soil erosion modulus of 2.43 mm and 6.51 t/(km2·a), respectively. The bare land community had the highest runoff, at 153.49 mm, and the highest soil erosion modulus, at 1 214.5 t/(km2·a). The runoff coefficient of the 15° grassland community decreased the fastest at 0.292%/a, and its sediment content also decreased the fastest at -14.6 g/(L·a). There was a significant negative correlation between vegetation coverage and runoff, a significant negative correlation with sediment concentration, and a significant positive correlation with soil surface water content. [Conclusion]High vegetation coverage is beneficial for vegetation restoration, water conservation, and soil erosion control. For the 15° grassland slope with relatively severe soil erosion, the long-term vegetation coverage has a more significant effect on soil and water conservation.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-08-02 修回日期:2023-10-12
资助项目:山东省技术创新引导计划中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(YDZX2023010); 新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室开放课题(XJKL202309); 国家自然科学基金项目(41761059)
第一作者:张蒙(1999—),女,四川达州人,硕士研究生,研究方向:水土保持与生态恢复。E-mail:783739053@qq.com
通信作者:张文太(1984—),男,山东冠县人,教授,博士,主要从事雨水—土壤水综合利用研究。E-mail:zwt@xjau.edu.cn; 王志刚(1981—),男,湖北枣阳人,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀、土壤地理研究。E-mail:371381624@qq.com