Liu Hongtao,Zheng Qiyan,Li Qilong,et al.Effects of PAM on Soil Erosion Under Different Rainfall Intensities in Black Soil Areas[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(06):1-10.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.06.025]
PAM对不同雨强下黑土区土质堤防侵蚀的影响
- Title:
- Effects of PAM on Soil Erosion Under Different Rainfall Intensities in Black Soil Areas
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)06-0001-10
- 关键词:
- 坡面侵蚀; 降雨强度; PAM(聚丙烯酰胺); 产流产沙; 侵蚀形态
- Keywords:
- slope erosion; rainfall intensity; PAM(polyacrylamide); production of miscarriage sand; erosion morphology
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探究不同浓度PAM的防侵蚀效果,进而为东北黑土区土质堤防治理提供理论依据。[方法]采用人工模拟降雨试验,共设置2个降雨强度(60,90 mm/h),5个PAM浓度(0,2,3,4,5 g/m2),观察不同雨强下PAM对坡面产流产沙、坡面侵蚀特征的影响,分析了各侵蚀形态下的水力学参数。[结果](1)在同一PAM浓度下,坡面平均产流率、平均产沙率随雨强的增大而增大。(2)在两个雨强下,平均产流率存在拐点,3 g/m2的平均产流率最小; 平均产沙率随着PAM浓度的增长而降低,5 g/m2平均产沙率最小。(3)降雨强度60 mm/h,坡面的侵蚀形态主要表现为溅蚀和面蚀; 降雨强度90 mm/h,坡面侵蚀特征表现为面蚀,部分伴有细沟侵蚀。(4)雷诺数(Re)小于500,均为层流,弗罗德数(Fr)小于1,属于缓流。降雨强度对水流剪切力、水流功率和单位水流功率的影响均大于PAM浓度。[结论]东北黑土区坡面施加PAM,可有效改良土壤结构,土壤水分入渗能力增强,减少了坡面侵蚀产沙,对于土质堤防侵蚀防治起到了一定的效果。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the erosion prevention effect of different concentrations of PAM, and to provide a theoretical basis for dike treatment in black soil area of northeast China. [Methods] A total of 2 rainfall intensities(60,90 mm/h)and 5 PAM concentrations(0,2,3,4,5 g/m2)were set by artificial rainfall simulation, and the effects of PAM on the erosion characteristics of runoff and sediment generation and erosion on slope under different rainfall intensities were observed, and the hydraulic parameters under each erosion pattern were analyzed. [Results](1)Under the same PAM concentration, the average runoff yield rate and average sediment yield of the slope increased with the increase of rain intensity.(2)Under the two rainfall intensities, there was an inflection point in the average runoff yield rate, and the average runoff yield rate of treatment of 3 g/m2 was the smallest. The average sediment yield decreased with the increase of PAM concentration, and the average sediment yield of treatment of 5 g/m2 was the smallest.(3)The rainfall intensity was 60 mm/h, and the erosion patterns of the slope were mainly manifested as sputtering and surface erosion. The rainfall intensity was 90 mm/h, and the slope erosion characteristics were surface erosion, some accompanied by fine trench erosion.(4)The Reynolds number(Re)was less than 500, which was laminar flow, and the Frod number(Fr)was less than 1, which belonged to slow flow. The effects of rainfall intensity on water flow shear force, water flow power and unit water flow power were greater than PAM concentration. [Conclusion] It can be seen that PAM application on the slope of the black soil area of northeast China can effectively improve the soil structure, enhance the soil water infiltration capacity, reduce the slope erosion and sediment production, and play a certain effect on the erosion prevention and control of soil embankments.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-10-28 修回日期:2022-11-10
资助项目:吉林省预算内基本建设资金(创新能力建设)(2023C030-2); 吉林省科技厅重点科技研发项目(专项支持)(20180201036SF)
第一作者:刘鸿涛(1979—),男,河北安新县人,博士,教授,主要从事智慧灌溉技术、水工仿生优化技术、堤防侵蚀防护研究。E-mail:576609094@qq.com