JIANG Mangzhou,WANG Jianfang.Effect of Patterns of Land Surface on the Charateristics of Hydrodynamics of Overland Flow in Typical Herbaceous Communities of Sloping Lands on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(04):61-68.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.04.002.]
黄土高原典型群落近地表特征对坡面流水动力学特征的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Patterns of Land Surface on the Charateristics of Hydrodynamics of Overland Flow in Typical Herbaceous Communities of Sloping Lands on the Loess Plateau
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)04-0061-08
- Keywords:
- flow velocity; runoff; overland flow resistance; Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng; Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]阐明植被群落近地表特征对坡面流水动力参数的影响,揭示植被群落近地表特征影响土壤侵蚀过程的作用机制,以期为评估黄土高原草地植被恢复的生态水文效应提供理论指导。[方法]选取黄土高原典型白羊草群落[Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.)Keng])和铁杆蒿群落(Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess),通过设置不同近地表要素,进行了人工模拟降雨试验(雨强:60 mm/h; 降雨历时:60 min)。[结果](1)随植物群落各要素依次减少,流型从缓流变为急流。植被群落覆盖径流流速降低了8.66%～76.79%,径流量减少了-12.45%～49.30%,Darcy-weisbach阻力系数和曼宁糙率系数分别增加了62.55%～4 346.92%和33.16%～717.25%。(2)生物土壤结皮对流速降低作用最大,分别较地上部分和根系增加了54.44%～199.32%和225.31%～425.95%; 地上部分对Darcy-weisbach阻力系数和曼宁糙率系数增加作用最强,分别较生物土壤结皮和根系增加了175.76%～4 676.57%和29.68%～1 114.74%。近地表各要素对径流量的影响不一致,白羊草群落地上部分和铁杆蒿群落生物土壤结皮可减少径流量,而其余各要素均可增加径流量。(3)白羊草群落地上部分和根系分别减小流速和增加Darcy-weisbach阻力系数的作用大于铁杆蒿,而生物土壤结皮的作用小于铁杆蒿。白羊草群落地上部分和生物土壤结皮对曼宁糙率系数的增加效应低于铁杆蒿,根系则高于铁杆蒿。白羊草群落地上部分减少径流量作用较铁杆蒿增加了4 367.80%; 白羊草生物土壤结皮增加产流量的作用较铁杆蒿增加了183.52%。白羊草和铁杆蒿群落的根系均可增加产流量,且白羊草群落增加的作用较铁杆蒿减少了49.77%。[结论]植被地上部分、生物土壤结皮和根系可减小流速、流量; 增加Darcy-weisbach阻力系数、曼宁糙率系数,但因植物种类的差异可导致植被群落近地表特征对水动力特征的减少或增加量不同。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The influence of near-surface characteristics of vegetation community on the hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow was elucidated, and the mechanism of the influence of near-surface characteristics of vegetation community on soil erosion process was revealed, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the evaluation of eco-hydrological effects of vegetation restoration in grassland on the Loess Plateau. [Method] Herbaceous plant communities of Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.)Keng and Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess were selected. Artificial simulated rainfall experiments(rainfall intensity: 60 mm/h; Rainfall duration: 60 min)were conducted in herbaceous plant communities with different near-surface characteristics. [Results](1)With the decrease of plant community elements, the flow pattern changed from slow flow to rapid flow. Runoff velocity decreased by 8.66%～76.79%, runoff decreased by -12.45%～49.30%, and resistance increased by 62.55%～4 346.92% and 33.16%～717.25%.(2)Biological soil crust had the greatest effect on the decrease of flow velocity, increasing by 54.44%～199.32% and 225.31%～425.95%, respectively, compared with aboveground part and root system. The aboveground part had the strongest effect on resistance increase, which increased by 175.76%～4 676.57% and 29.68%～1 114.74% compared with biological soil crust and roots, respectively. The effects of the near-surface factors on the runoff were not consistent. The biological soil crusts of aboveground part of Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.)Keng and Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess could reduce the runoff, while the other factors could increase the runoff.(3)The effects of overground part and root of Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.)Keng on decreasing velocity and increasing Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient were greater than those of Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess, while the effects of biological soil crusts were less than those of Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess. Aboveground part and biological soil crust of Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng on the Manning roughness coefficient increases effect was lower than Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess, the effect of root was higher than Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess. The decrease of runoff in aboveground part of Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.)Keng community increased by 4 367.80% compared with Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess. The effect of soil crusts on increasing runoff yield was 183.52% higher than that of Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess. The root system of both Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng and Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess communities could increase runoff yield, and the increasing effect of Bothriochloa ischcemum(Linn.)Keng community was 49.77% less than that of Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess. [Conclusion] The aboveground part of vegetation, biological soil crust and root system can reduce the velocity and discharge. The Darcy-weisbach resistance coefficient and Manning roughness coefficient increased, but the decreasing or increasing of near-surface characteristics of vegetation communities on hydrodynamic characteristics was different due to the difference of plant species.
参考文献/References:
[1] 潘成忠,上官周平.牧草对坡面侵蚀动力参数的影响[J].水利学报,2005,36(3):1-8.
[2] Pan C Z, Shangguan Z P. Runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation in sloped grass-plots under simulated rainfall conditions[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006,331:178-185.
[3] 李林,赵允格,王一贺,等.不同类型生物结皮对坡面产流特征的影响[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(6):1013-1023.
[4] 卜崇峰.表土结皮的发育机理及其侵蚀效应研究[D].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2006.
[5] 徐宪立,马克明,傅伯杰,等.植被与水土流失关系研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3137-3143.
[6] 张光辉.国外坡面径流分离土壤过程水动力学研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):112-115.
[7] 张宽地,王光谦,孙晓敏,等.坡面薄层水流水动力学特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):182-189.
[8] 李毅,邵明安.草地覆盖坡面流水动力参数的室内降雨试验[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(10):1-5.
[9] 孟铖铖,张会兰,杨坪坪.模拟植被类型及空间配置对坡面流水动力学特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):50-56.
[10] 赵健,魏天兴,陈致富,等.陕西吴起县退耕还林地不同植被水土保持效益分析[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):31-34.
[11] 张晓艳,周正朝.黄土高原地区草地植被调控土壤水蚀机理的研究进展[J].草业科学,2015,32(1):64-70.
[12] Coppola A, Basile A, Wang X, at al. Hydrological behavior of micro-biotic crusts on sand dunes: Example from NW China comparing infiltration in crusted and crust-removed soil[J]. Soil & Tillage Research,2011,117(34/43).DOI:10.1016/j.still.2011.08.003.
[13] 张侃侃,卜崇峰,高国雄.黄土高原生物结皮对土壤水分入渗的影响[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):808-812.
[14] 戴全厚,喻理飞,薛箑,等.植被控制水土流失机理及功能研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(2):32-35.
[15] 徐震,高建恩,赵春红.草地植被结构对坡面流水动力学特性的影响研究[J].水利规划与设计,2018,12(6):112-117.
[16] 董万荣,朱兴平,何增化,等.定西黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀规律研究[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(3):1-9.
[17] 张宽地.坡面径流水动力学特性及挟沙机理研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[18] Forster G R, Huggins L F, Meyer L D. A laboratory study of rill hydraulics: Ⅰ. velocity relationships[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1984,27(3):790-796.
[19] Gilley J E, Kottwite E R, Simanton J R. Hydraulic characteristics of rills[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1990,33(6):1900-1906.
[20] Kinast S, Meron E, Yizhaq H, et al. Biogenic crust dynamics on sand dunes[J]. Physical Review E, 2013,87(2).DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.87.020701.
[21] 许欢欢,张宝琦,汪建芳,等.黄土高原典型生物结皮对坡面产流产沙过程的影响[J].水土保持通报,2021,40(6):8-13.
[22] 高婵婵,赵传燕,王超,等.黑河上游天老池流域不同植被下土壤理化性质和入渗特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):117-121.
[23] 卜崇峰,张朋,叶菁,等.陕北水蚀风蚀交错区小流域苔藓结皮的空间特征及其影响因子[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(3):490-499.
[24] 李盼盼,李彬彬,王兵,等.模拟氮沉降对白羊草地群落特征及其坡面流水动力特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(16):52-61.
相似文献/References:
[1]柳金峰,欧国强,游勇.泥石流流速与堆积模式之实验研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(01):120.
LIU Jin-feng,OU Guo-qiang,YOU Yong.Experimental Research on Velocity and Deposition Mode of Debris Flow[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):120.
[2]敖浩翔,刘晶,况明生,等.不同频率下的泥石流体特征数值计算方法研究——以大寨沟流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(04):93.
AO Hao-xiang,LIU Jing,KUANG Ming-sheng,et al.Calculation of Characteristics Factors of Debris Flow Under Different Frequency——Take Dazhaigou Valley as an Example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):93.
[3]高佩玲.流域土壤侵蚀测量系统研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(02):76.
GAO Pei-ling.Study on Automated Measuring System for Soil Erosion in Watersheds[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(04):76.
[4]张志玲,范昊明,郭成久,等.模拟降雨条件下坡面水流流速与径流输出特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(06):32.
ZHANG Zhi-ling,FAN Hao-ming,GUO Cheng-jiu,et al.Study on the Relationship Between Flow Velocity of Sloping Face and Runoff Characteristic Under the Simulated Rainfall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(04):32.
[5]魏成武,巫锡勇.喇嘛溪沟泥石流运动特征及其对工程影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(06):170.
WEI Cheng-wu,WU Xi-yong.The Debris Flow Movement Characteristics and Their Influences on Engineering Projects in the Lamaxi Channel[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(04):170.
[6]赵美亮,曹广超,曹生奎,等.1956—2016年大通河温度和降水及其与径流变化的关系[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(03):111.
ZHAO Meiliang,CAO Guangchao,CAO Shengkui,et al.Temperature and Precipitation and Their Relationship with Runoff Change in Datong River from 1956 to 2016[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(04):111.
[7]李 杨,王 婕,唐雄朋,等.变化环境下澜沧江—湄公河流域径流演变及年内分配特征[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(03):141.
LI Yang,WANG Jie,TANG Xiongpeng,et al.Characteristics of Runoff Variation and Seasonal Pattern of Lancang-Mekong River in the Context of Environment Change[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(04):141.
[8]赵江涛,赵广举,穆兴民,等.罕台川流域水沙变化及其归因[J].水土保持研究,2023,30(05):169.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.030.]
ZHAO Jiangtao,ZHAO Guangju,MU Xingmin,et al.Runoff and Sediment Load Variation and Driving Factors in the Hantaichuan Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(04):169.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.030.]
[9]魏 霞,杨正华,张振鹏,等.疏勒河流域径流量和输沙量变化规律[J].水土保持研究,2024,31(01):144.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.01.016]
Wei Xia,Yang Zhenghua,Zhang Zhenpeng,et al.Study on the Variation Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment in Shule River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(04):144.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.01.016]
[10]艾旭城,高 鹏,穆兴民,等.黄土高原林区植被变化对水沙演变的影响——以仕望川流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2024,31(03):42.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.03.016]
Ai Xucheng,Gao Peng,Mu Xingmin,et al.Impact of Vegetation Changes on Runoff and Sediment Evolution in Forest Regions of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(04):42.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.03.016]
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-04-25 修回日期:2022-05-26
资助项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于RUSLE模型的黄土高原草地植被覆盖因子研究”(41771555)
第一作者:蒋忙舟(1976—),男,陕西西安人,高级工程师,主要从事水土保持、环境保护及节能研究。E-mail:331945747@qq.com