LI Ganghao,XIA Ying,HUANG Min,et al.Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses on Sloping Farmland Under No-tillage and Straw Mulch in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(02):93-99,106.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.02.017]
三峡库区坡耕地免耕秸秆覆盖下氮磷流失特征
- Title:
- Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses on Sloping Farmland Under No-tillage and Straw Mulch in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)02-0093-07
- Keywords:
- straw mulch; non-point source pollution; surface runoff; soil erosion; Three Gorges Reservoir area
- 分类号:
- S157.4; S153.6+1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为有效防治三峡库区坡耕地氮磷流失,在三峡库区长坪小流域连续进行两年野外径流小区监测试验。在自然降雨条件下进行免耕秸秆覆盖(SM)和对照(CK)两个处理的田间试验,研究了免耕秸秆覆盖措施对地表径流和氮磷养分流失的影响。结果表明:(1)降雨量与径流量极显著正相关,径流主要由几次暴雨事件造成,需要重点防范玉米季暴雨造成的水土流失。免耕秸秆覆盖能减少地表产流产沙,相比对照处理,免耕秸秆覆盖减少19.1%的径流流失,减少63.6%的泥沙流失。(2)免耕秸秆覆盖分别降低了21.3%,25.8%的总氮和总磷流失量,径流量和氮磷流失量呈极显著正相关,免耕秸秆覆盖主要通过减少径流量来减少氮磷流失。(3)坡耕地油菜—玉米种植制的氮磷流失风险期为6—7月初,该时期CK处理41.3%的径流量贡献了81.4%,52.1%的总氮和总磷流失,SM处理38.4%的径流量贡献了75.2%,48.2%的总氮和总磷流失,在该时期通过免耕秸秆覆盖可分别减少17.5%,31.7%的总氮和总磷流失。研究表明,免耕秸秆覆盖是控制三峡库区坡耕地氮磷养分流失的良好水土保持措施。
- Abstract:
- In order to effectively control the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from sloping farmland in the Three Gorges reservoir area, the field runoff monitoring experiment was carried out in Changping Watershed for two consecutive years. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of no-tillage straw mulching(SM)and control(CK)on surface runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus losses under natural rainfall conditions. The results show that:(1)there is a very significant positive correlation between rainfall and runoff; runoff is mainly caused by several heavy rain events; it is necessary to focus on preventing soil erosion caused by heavy rain in the corn season; no-tillage straw mulching can reduce surface runoff and sediment production; compared with the control treatment, no-tillage straw mulching reduces runoff loss by 19.1% and sediment loss by 63.6%;(2)no-tillage straw mulching reduced total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses by 21.3% and 25.8%, respectively; there is a very significant positive correlation between runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus losses; no-tillage straw mulching mainly reduces nitrogen and phosphorus losses by reducing runoff;(3)the risk period of nitrogen and phosphorus loss is from June to early July, during which 41.3% of runoff of CK contributes 81.4% and 52.1% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses, 38.4% of runoff of SM contributes 75.2% and 48.2% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses; in this period, total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses can be reduced by 17.5% and 31.7%, respectively, through no-tillage straw mulching. No-tillage straw mulching is a good soil and water conservation measure to control the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from sloping farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
参考文献/References:
[1] 娄和震,吴习锦,郝芳华,等.近三十年中国非点源污染研究现状与未来发展方向探讨[J].环境科学学报,2020,40(5):1535-1549.
[2] 许峰,蔡强国,吴淑安,等.三峡库区坡地生态工程控制土壤养分流失研究:以等高植物篱为例[J].地理研究,2000,19(3):303-310.
[3] Zhang Q W, Liu D H, Cheng S H, et al. Combined effects of runoff and soil erodibility on available nitrogen losses from sloping farmland affected by agricultural practices [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016,176:1-8.
[4] Ma X, Li Y, Li B L, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses by runoff erosion: Field data monitored under natural rainfall in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China [J]. Catena, 2016,147:797-808.
[5] 蔡金洲,范先鹏,黄敏,等.湖北省三峡库区农业面源污染解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1421-1430.
[6] 高泽超,潘焰菲,徐勤学,等.秸秆覆盖对西南喀斯特坡地幼龄橘园产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(1):36-43.
[7] 严坤,王玉宽,徐佩,等.秸秆覆盖对三峡库区坡面侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):6-10.
[8] 盘礼东,李瑞,黎庆贵,等.黔西喀斯特区秸秆覆盖对坡耕地产流产沙特征的响应[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(1):9-16.
[9] 李太魁,张香凝,郭战玲,等.覆盖与间作对丹江口库区坡地茶园氮磷流失和土壤环境的影响[J].生态环境学报,2020,29(3):543-549.
[10] 王静,王允青,郭熙盛,等.不同农艺措施对巢湖沿岸坡耕地水土及径流氮输出的控制效果[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):38-43,48.
[11] 冯小杰,郑子成,李廷轩,等.暴雨条件下紫色土区玉米季坡耕地氮素流失特征[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(4):738-749.
[12] 车明轩,宫渊波,Muhammad N K,等.不同雨强、坡度对秸秆覆盖保持水土效果的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):131-135,142.
[13] Wang G Q, Wu B B, Zhang L, et al. Role of soil erodibility in affecting available nitrogen and phosphorus losses under simulated rainfall[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014,514:180-191.
[14] Meshesha D T, Tsunekawa A, Tsubo M, et al. Evaluation of kinetic energy and erosivity potential of simulated rainfall using laser precipitation monitor[J]. Catena, 2016,137:237-243.
[15] 王宏,徐娅玲,张奇,等.沱江流域典型农业小流域氮和磷排放特征[J].环境科学,2020,41(10):4547-4554.
[16] Wei W, Chen L D, Fu B J, et al. Responses of water erosion to rainfall extremes and vegetation types in a loess semiarid hilly area, NW China[J]. Hydrological Process, 2009,23(12):1780-1791.
[17] 梁斐斐,蒋先军,袁俊吉,等.降雨强度对三峡库区坡耕地土壤氮、磷流失主要形态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):81-85.
[18] 毛妍婷,刘宏斌,郭树芳,等.耕作措施对坡耕地红壤地表径流氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2020,34(5):26-33.
[19] Guo S, Zhai L, Liu J, et al. Cross-ridge tillage decreases nitrogen and phosphorus losses from sloping[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019,191:48-56.
[20] 王静,郭熙盛,王允青.自然降雨条件下秸秆还田对巢湖流域旱地氮磷流失的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):492-495.
[21] 李新举,张志国,邓基先,等.免耕对土壤生态环境的影响[J].山东农业大学学报,1998,29(4):104-110.
[22] Liu Y, Tao Y, Wan K Y, et al. Runoff and nutrient losses in citrus orchards on sloping land subjected to different surface mulching practices in the Danjiangkou reservoir area of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2012,110:34-40.
[23] 祖艳群,杨静,湛方栋,等.秸秆覆盖对玉米和青花农田土壤面源污染负荷的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):155-160.
[24] 辛艳,王瑄,邱野,等.坡耕地不同耕作模式下土壤养分流失特征研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(3):346-350.
[25] 范成五,罗益,王文华,等.不同管理措施对黄壤坡耕地径流氮输出的控制效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):1948-1955.
[26] 陈静蕊,刘佳,王惠明,等.保护性耕作措施对陡坡地养分流失的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(1):146-152.
[27] 徐露,张丹,向宇国,等.不同耕作措施下金沙江下游紫色土区坡耕地产流产沙特征[J].山地学报,2020,38(6):851-860.
相似文献/References:
[1]宋淑亚,刘文兆,王俊,等.覆盖方式对玉米农田土壤水分、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):210.
SONG Shu-ya,LIU Wen-zhao,WANG Jun,et al.Effects of Different Mulching Modes on Soil Moisture, Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency in a Corn Field[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):210.
[2]李锡录,王玉太,张涛,等.果树滴灌秸秆覆盖效应的初步研究[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(03):77.
Li Xilu,Wang Yutai,Zhang Tao,et al.Preliminary Study for Drip Irrigation of Fruit Trees with Straw Cover[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(02):77.
[3]汪丙国,靳孟贵,方连玉,等.衡水试验场冬小麦田土壤水流动系统分析[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(01):89.
WANG Bingguo,JIN Menggui,FANG Lianyu,et al.Analysis of Soil Water Flow System of the Winter-wheat Cropland in Hengshui Experimental Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(02):89.
[4]孙鹏,王丽华,李光宗,等.麦草覆盖对果园土壤理化性质影响的研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(03):37.
SUN Peng,WANG Li-hua,LI Guang-zong,et al.The Effect of Covering Straw in Orchard on Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(02):37.
[5]吕雯,汪有科,许晓平.秸秆覆盖畦田灌溉水流特性及灌水质量分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(02):236.
LV Wen,WANG You-ke,XU Xiao-ping.Analysis of Water Flow Performance and Irrigation Efficiency of Boder Irragation under Straw Mulch[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(02):236.
[6]唐涛,郝明德,单凤霞.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖减少水土流失的效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(01):9.
TANG Tao,HAO Ming-de,SHAN Feng-xia.Effects of Straw Mulch Application on Water Loss and Soil Erosion Under Simulated Rainfall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(02):9.
[7]李英臣,侯翠翠,李小宇,等.不同秸秆还田方式对黄土高原坡耕地土壤呼吸的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(05):122.
LI Yingchen,HOU Cuicui,LI Xiaoyu,et al.Effects of Different Straw Returning Patterns on Soil Respiration in Sloping Cropland of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(02):122.
[8]张燕青,刘文兆,王钧强,等.不同覆盖方式下春玉米田水量平衡及产量特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(04):113.
ZHANG Yanqing,LIU Wenzhao,WANG Junqiang,et al.Analysis of Water Balance and Yield Characteristics of Spring Maize under Different Mulching Patterns[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(02):113.
[9]杨佩,王海霞,岳佳.秸秆覆盖免耕条件下中小型土壤动物的生态分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(02):145.
YANG Pei,WANG Hai-Xia,YUE Jia.Ecological Distribution of Middle-small-size Soil Faunas under Conservation Tillage and Straw Mulch Conditions[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(02):145.
[10]于庆峰,苗庆丰,史海滨,等.耕作方式对秸秆覆盖玉米田春播期土壤水热盐状况的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(03):265.
YU Qingfeng,MIAO Qingfeng,SHI Haibin,et al.Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Water, Heat and Salt of Field Maize in the Period of Spring Sowing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(02):265.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-12-31 修回日期:2022-01-13
资助项目:国家自然科学基金联合基金项目“长江中游农业面源污染入江负荷定量解析及滞后效应研究”(U21A2025)
第一作者:李刚浩(1997—),男,广西贵港人,硕士研究生,研究方向为面源污染防治。E-mail:lghdc20@163.com
通信作者:夏颖(1983—),女,河南驻马店人,博士,副研究员,主要从事施肥与农业环境研究。E-mail:xiayinghappy105@163.com