DENG Xiaoqian,MA Sujuan,CAO Xiaoping,et al.Evaluation of the Cultivated Land Fertility and Trends of Soil Nutrient Status of Huzhu County in Qinghai Province in the Past 10 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(06):112-120.
青海省互助县10年耕地土壤养分状况、变化趋势及肥力评价
- Title:
- Evaluation of the Cultivated Land Fertility and Trends of Soil Nutrient Status of Huzhu County in Qinghai Province in the Past 10 Years
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2022)06-0112-09
- Keywords:
- soil nutrient; cultivated land fertility; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; temporal and spatial variation; Huzhu; Qinghai
- 分类号:
- S158.2
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了研究青海省互助县2007—2016年10年间耕地土壤理化性质以及土壤肥力状况的变化,将4 176个土壤样点的基本理化指标根据乡镇进行分析比较,采用模糊综合评价的方法对土壤肥力进行评价,以期为当地耕地的合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)互助县的耕地土壤养分状况整体较好,单个指标质量等级均在前三级。(2)由于长期使用酸性复合肥,耕地酸碱度降低5.20%; 长期耕种导致耕地肥力消耗,消耗的元素不及时补充,使得SOM含量降低9.69%; TK降低32.02%; 土壤碳氮比降低27.28%。(3)互助县耕地土壤的肥力情况呈现西南低,东北高的趋势。土壤综合肥力指数上升了5.77%,主要是氮、磷元素升高引起,存在环境污染的风险。因此在后续的耕作过程中,应注重有机肥和钾肥的添加,秸秆还田,蚕豆与其他作物轮作,少施或不施磷肥,降低环境污染风险,确保耕作环境良好,作物可持续生长。
- Abstract:
- In order to study the changes of farmland soil physical and chemical properties and the fertility status in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province from 2006 to 2017, basic physical and chemical indexes of 4 176 soil samples in the villages and towns were analyzed, and the soil fertility was evaluated with the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. We aimed to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of local cultivated land. The results showed that:(1)the soil nutrient status of cultivated land in Huzhu County was good, and the quality grade of each index was at the first three levels;(2)pH of cultivated land decreased by 5.20% due to the long-term use of acid compound fertilizer; long-term tillage resulted in fertility consumption, and the consumed elements were not replenished in time, resulting in a 9.69% reduction in SOM content; TK decreased by 32.02%; soil C/N ratio decreased by 27.28%;(3)the fertility of cultivated soil in Huzhu County showed a trend of low in southwest and high in northeast; the comprehensive soil fertility index increased by 5.77%, which was caused by the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, and there was a risk of environmental pollution;(4)in the following tillage process, attention should be paid to the addition of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, straw return to the field, broad beans and other crops rotation, little or no application of phosphorus fertilizer in order to reduce the risk of environmental pollution, and ensure good tillage environment and sustainable growth of crops.
参考文献/References:
[1] Sistla S A, Schimel J P. Stoichiometric flexibility as a regulator of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems under change [J]. New Phytologist, 2012,196(1):68-78.
[2] Craine J M, Dybzinski R. Mechanisms of plant competition for nutrients, water and light [J]. Functional Ecology, 2013,27(4):833-840.
[3] 沈仁芳,王超,孙波.“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略实施中的土壤科学与技术问题[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(2):135-144.
[4] 白建忠,李存保,牛继成,等.青铜峡市耕地养分现状、变化趋势及评价[J].宁夏农林科技,2008,51(6):55-56.
[5] Marco M, Linus K M., William B, et al. Soil fertility and land sustainability in Usangu Basin-Tanzania [J]. Heliyon, 2021,7(8):e07745.
[6] 朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[7] 杜景龙,陈德超,王兆华. GIS支持下的土壤综合肥力指标的定量计算[J].土壤肥料,2005,42(2):17-20.
[8] 孙波,张桃林,赵其国.我国东南丘陵山区土壤肥力的综合评价[J].土壤学报,1995,32(4):362-369.
[9] 张兴昌.土壤肥力的数学评价初探[J].陕西农业科学,1993,39(4):8-11.
[10] 王建国,杨林章,单艳红.模糊数学在土壤质量评价中的应用研究[J].土壤学报,2001,38(2):176-183.
[11] 李娟,刘国顺,宋晓华.重庆烟区土壤养分状况分析及综合评价[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):94-96,99.
[12] 严珺,孙海,蒋燊,等.桓仁地区林下参土壤肥力评价[J].特产研究,2018,40(2):1-7,18.
[13] 赵蛟,徐梦洁,庄舜尧,等.基于模糊综合评价法的建瓯市毛竹林地土壤肥力评价[J].土壤通报,2018,49(6):1428-1435.
[14] Santos W P D, Silva M L N, Avanzi J C, et al. Soil quality assessment using erosion-sensitive indices and fuzzy membership under different cropping systems on a Ferralsol in Brazil [J]. Geoderma Regional, 2021,25:e00385.
[15] 青海省地方志编纂委员会编.青海年鉴[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,2017.
[16] 李万寿主编.海东市“十三五”水资源可持续利用规划[M].兰州:甘肃文化出版社,2018.
[17] 互助土族自治县地方志编纂委员会编.互助土族自治县年鉴[M].西安:陕西人民美术出版社,2019.
[18] 互助土族自治县志编纂委员会编.互助土族自治县志[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1993.
[19] 南京农学院主编.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[20] 周王子,董斌,刘俊杰,等.基于权重分析的土壤综合肥力评价方法[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(6):81-86.
[21] 王建庆,冯秀丽,项璐.基于模糊数学法的滩涂围垦区土壤肥力特征评价[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,2013,26(4):101-106.
[22] 全国土壤普查办公室编.中国土壤普查技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1992.
[23] 曹婧,陈怡平,毋俊华,等.黄河流域五大灌区沿河耕地土壤肥力评价与改良措施[J].地球环境学报,2020,11(2):204-214.
[24] 郑立臣,宇万太,马强,等.农田土壤肥力综合评价研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):156-161.
[25] Chen S, Lin B, Li Y, et al. Spatial and temporal changes of soil properties and soil fertility evaluation in a large grain-production area of subtropical plain, China [J]. Geoderma, 2020,357:113937.
[26] 刘冬碧,熊桂云,胡时友,等.不同利用方式下土壤的养分特性及其变异性初探[J].湖北农业科学,2003,42(6):51-55.
[27] 王小利,苏以荣,黄道友,等.土地利用对亚热带红壤低山区土壤有机碳和微生物碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4):750-757.
[28] 沈仁芳,陈美军,孔祥斌,等.耕地质量的概念和评价与管理对策[J].土壤学报,2012,49(6):1210-1217.
[29] 陈小梅,姚玉才,章明奎.浙东海积平原耕地土壤肥力特征及空间变化规律研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):618-623.
[30] 贾腾飞,张小娟.蚕豆根瘤菌生物地理学及AFLP多样性分析[J].分子植物育种,2019,17(20):6860-6866.
[31] 潘彬彬.为青海省实现全域有机肥替代化肥助力[EB/OL].2019-03-19/2021-07-01.
[32] 张水生.耕地养分的变化与施肥技术的改进[J].福建农业,2010,71(11):11.
[33] Daniel K W, Milu M, Thomas J. Can economic and environmental benefits associated with agricultural intensification be sustained at high population densities? A farm level empirical analysis [J]. Land Use Policy, 2019,81:100-110.
[34] 贾文锦.辽宁土壤[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1992.
[35] 王璐,姜英君,王红霞,等.呼伦贝尔市耕地土壤磷素富集空间变异研究[J].中国农技推广,2018,34(10):62-65.
[36] 王永壮,陈欣,史奕.农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):260-268.
[37] 詹秋丽,张黎明,周碧青,等.福建耕地土壤磷素富集空间差异及其影响因素[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):274-283.
[38] Stiles W A V, Rowe E C, Dennis P. Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment alters vegetation species composition and reduces carbon storage in upland soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,593:688-694.
[39] Hanrahan B R, King K W, Williams M R, et al. Nutrient balances influence hydrologic losses of nitrogen and phosphorus across agricultural fields in northwestern Ohio [J]. Springer Netherlands,2019,113(3):231-245.
相似文献/References:
[1]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(06):45.
YANG Bingxun,LIU Quan,WANG Bin.Relationships Between Soil Nutrients, Soil Enzyme Activity and Plant Diversity of Different Types of in Jialing River Basin, Sichuan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(06):45.
[2]刘占仁,王立志.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):72.
LIU Zhan-ren,WANG Li-zhi.Effect of Different Land Use on Soil Nutrient and Soil Fertility[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):72.
[3]张小娟,高照良,李晶,等.关中平原高速公路路堤边坡土壤养分与植被群落α多样性变化[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):157.
ZHANG Xiao-juan,GAO Zhao-liang,LI Jing,et al.Variation of Soil Nutrients and Mode of α Diversity of Plant Community on the Embankment Slope of Highways in Guanzhong Plain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):157.
[4]王巧利,贾燕锋,王宁,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区自然恢复坡面植物根系的分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):16.
WANG Qiao-li,JIA Yan-feng,WANG Ning,et al.Distribution of Root on Vegetation Recovery Slope in the Hilly and Gully Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):16.
[5]阳利永,吴献花,赵斌,等.滇池柴河流域不同土地利用方式土壤养分剖面分异[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):95.
YANG Li-yong,WU Xian-hua,ZHAO Bin,et al.Effects of Different Land Uses on Profile Variability of Soil Nutrients in Chaihe Basin of Dianchi Lake[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):95.
[6]潘树林,周顺涛,辜彬.坡度和坡位对岩质边坡早期生态恢复土壤养分变异性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):289.
PAN Shu-lin,ZHOU Shun-tao,GU Bin.Effect of Slope Degree and Slope Position on Soil Nutrient Variability in the Early Succession of Rocky Slope Revegetation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):289.
[7]刘秉正,吕俊杰.泥河沟流域土壤养分变化与生产力评价[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(01):18.
LIU Bing-zheng,LÜ,Jun-jie.Variation of Soil Nutrient and Productivity Evaluation in Nihe Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(06):18.
[8]庄舜尧,吴春艳,杨浩.红壤丘陵区沟谷养分的分布特征初探[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(01):112.
ZHUANG Shun-yao,WU Chun-yan,YANG Hao.Distributions of Nutrients in Intervale Region of South China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(06):112.
[9]樊军,郝明德,王永功.旱地长期轮作施肥对土壤肥力影响的定位研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(01):31.
FAN Jun,HAO Ming-de,WANG Yong-gong.Effects of Rotations and Fertilizations on Soil Fertility on Upland of Loes Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(06):31.
[10]彭令发,郝明德,来璐.黄土旱塬长期连作条件下土壤氮素变化及管理[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(01):43.
PENG Ling-fa,HAO Ming-de,LAI Lu.Variation of Soil Nitrogen of Long-term Continuous Cropping and Management on Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(06):43.
备注/Memo
资助项目:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0603)
第一作者:邓晓倩(1996—),女,四川德阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持研究和耕地土壤肥力评价。E-mail:911836553@qq.com
通信作者:安韶山(1972—),男,宁夏固原人,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事植被恢复与土壤质量评价、土壤微生物多样性、土壤结构与碳固定研究。E-mail:shan@ms.iswc.ac.cn