[1]林 红,焦菊英,陈同德,等.西藏拉萨河流域中下游洪积扇植被的物种组成与多样性特征[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(05):67-75.
　LIN Hong,JIAO Juying,CHEN Tongde,et al.Species Composition and Diversity of Vegetation of Diluvial Fan in the Lhasa River Basin of Tibet[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(05):67-75.
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西藏拉萨河流域中下游洪积扇植被的物种组成与多样性特征

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 28 期数: 2021年05期 页码: 67-75 栏目: 出版日期: 2021-08-20
Title:
Species Composition and Diversity of Vegetation of Diluvial Fan in the Lhasa River Basin of Tibet
文章编号:
1005-3409(2021)05-0067-09
作者:
林 红1,2,焦菊英1,3,陈同德1,赵春敬1,4
(1.西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100; 2.西藏自治区山南市错那县自然资源局,西藏 山南 856000; 3.中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100; 4.黄河水利科学研究院,郑州 450003)
Author(s):
LIN Hong1,2,JIAO Juying1,3,CHEN Tongde1,ZHAO Chunjing1,4
(1.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China;2.Natural Resources Department of Cuona County in Shannan City of Tibetan Autonomous Region,Shannan,Tibet856000,China;3.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China;4.Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhenzhou450003,China)
关键词:
土地利用;  物种组成;  优势物种;  物种多样性;  植被保护
Keywords:
land use;  species composition;  dominant specie;  species diversity;  vegetation protection
分类号:
Q948.1
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
洪积扇作为拉萨河流域的重要地貌组成单元,具有独特的地理位置和气候条件,植被资源虽然相对比较丰富,但人为破坏相较严重,对该地貌植被进行调查研究,为洪积扇植物资源的开发利用和保护、植被的恢复和重建提供基础资料和参考依据。通过Google Earth选取了拉萨河流域中下游的12个典型洪积扇作为调查对象,依据主要土地利用类型将其划分为A,B,C共3类,其中A类以草地+耕地为主,B类以灌草地为主,C类以非耕地+建设用地为主,并于2019年7月15日至8月4日对洪积扇上植物种类、多度、高度、盖度等进行调查统计,分析其物种组成和物种多样性等植被数量特征。结果表明:(1)12个洪积扇样方中共有植物82种,隶属于33科75属,其中以菊科、禾本科、豆科、蔷薇科的属、种数较多,分别占总属数的16.00%,14.67%,9.33%,6.67%,占总种数的17.07%,13.41%,8.54%,7.32%;(2)A,B,C这3类洪积扇上的植物在生活型分布上基本表现出地面芽>一年生>高位芽>地上芽>地下芽的特点,且与12个洪积扇上的植物整体分布趋势一致;(3)通过计算群落物种的重要值,确定有草本群落18个、灌木群落4个、乔木群落4个、作物群落3个,其中以牛筋草群落、小叶锦鸡儿群落、垂柳群落、青稞群落在洪积扇中的分布最为普遍;(4)通过分析不同类型洪积扇植被物种多样性特征,明确了A类洪积扇在物种种类的分布上相较于其他两类较为多样,而B类洪积扇在物种均匀程度和复杂稳定程度上最为突出,C类洪积扇的优势种在生态优势地位方面最为显著。明确不同类型洪积扇植被的物种组成、优势种及多样性特征,有利于针对性地对不同类型洪积扇的植被进行保护和恢复。
Abstract:
As an important geomorphic unit in the Lhasa River Basin,the alluvial fan has unique geographical location and climatic conditions. Although the vegetation resources are relatively rich,the man-made damage is serious. The investigation and study of the vegetation in this geomorphology can provide basic data and reference for the development,utilization and protection of the plant resources,the restoration and reconstruction of the vegetation of the alluvial fans. The 12 typical alluvial fans in the middle and lower reaches of Lhasa River Basin were selected as investigation sites through Google Earth. According to their main land use types,the fans were divided into three categories: A,B and C. From July 15 to August 4,2019,the plant species,abundance,height and coverage on the alluvial fans were investigated,and the quantitative characteristics of vegetation such as species composition and species diversity were analyzed. The results were as follows.(1)There were 82 species of plants belonging to 33 families and 75 genera in 12 alluvial fan plots,among which the genera and species of Compositae,Gramineae,Leguminosae and Rosaceae are rich,accounting for 16.00%,14.67%,9.33% and 6.67% of the total genera,and 17.07%,13.41%,8.54% and 7.32% of the total species respectively.(2)The life-form distribution of plants on three types of alluvial fans A,B and C basically show the order: by hemicryptophytas>annual buds> phanerophytes>chamaephytas>geophytes,which is consistent with the overall distribution trend of plants on 12 alluvial fans.(3)By calculating the important value of community species,18 herbaceous communities,4 shrub communities,4 arbor communities and 3 crop communities are determined,among which the communities of Eleusine indica,Caragana microphylla,Salix babylonica and Hordeum vulgare most commonly distribute in alluvial fans.(4)By analyzing the species diversity characteristics of different types of alluvial fans,it can be seen that A type of alluvial fans were more diverse in species distribution than the other two types,while B type of alluvial fans were the most prominent in species uniformity and complexity and stability,and C type of alluvial fans were the most prominent in ecological superiority. Defining the species composition,dominant species and diversity characteristics of vegetation of different types of alluvial fans is conducive to the targeted protection and restoration of vegetation of different types of alluvial fans.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2020-10-24 修回日期:2020-11-14
资助项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“土壤侵蚀定量评价与分区防控对策”(XDA20040202); 第二次青藏高原综合考察研究(2019QZKK060300)
第一作者:林红(1989—),女,山西省朔城区人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤侵蚀与植被关系。E-mail:lh2018051362@126.com
通信作者:焦菊英(1965—),女,陕西省宝鸡市人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事流域侵蚀产沙、土壤侵蚀与植被关系及水土保持效益评价研究。E-mail:jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 2021-08-20