LIU He,DENG Chenhui,SHAO Jingan,et al.Spatiotemporal Variations of Precipitation and the North-South Differences in the Qinling Mountains from 1964 to 2017[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(02):210-216+223.
1964-2017年秦岭山地降水时空变化特征及其南北差异
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Variations of Precipitation and the North-South Differences in the Qinling Mountains from 1964 to 2017
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2021)02-0210-07
- Keywords:
- precipitation changes; north-south differences; before and after the abrupt temperature changes; Qinling Mountains
- 分类号:
- P426.6; S161.6
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了明确秦岭山地降水时空变化的特征,为秦岭生态环境保护提供气候依据,基于秦岭地区1964—2017年32个气象站的逐月降水数据资料并采用AUSPLIN插值法将其转为区域面上数据,结合小波分析、趋势分析等方法,研究了不同时空尺度下秦岭山地1964—2017年降水变化特征及其南北差异性。结果表明:(1)近54年秦岭全区年均降水量呈减少趋势,速率为-11.95 mm/10 a,降水变化存在明显的周期性及显著的空间差异,降水主要集中在中南部。(2)季尺度上,近54年秦岭山地的降水变化存在显著的季节差异,空间上尤以春季在高海拔区的减少趋势最为显著。(3)秦岭山地降水变化存在着明显的南北差异,近54年北坡年均降水呈减少趋势,平均速率为-7.1 mm/10 a,南坡则呈增加趋势,速率为35.1 mm/10 a; 气温突变前,北坡降水变化趋势不明显而南坡以增加趋势为主; 气温突变后,南北坡均以增加为主,而北坡全区均呈增加趋势。54 a来,秦岭以南地区降水强度大,夏冬两季容易导致干旱、极端降水等自然灾害,进而对生命财产安全造成威胁,应增强旱涝灾害的预防。
- Abstract:
- In order to clarify the characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes of precipitation in the Qinling Mountains, provide a climate basis for the ecological environment, based on the monthly precipitation data of 32 meteorological stations in the Qinling area from 1964 to 2017, AUSPLIN interpolation method was used to convert those data to regional surface data. The characteristics of precipitation changes and the differences between North and South in the Qinling Mountainous area under different time and space scales from 1964 to 2017 were studied by using wavelet analysis and trend analysis methods. The results show that:(1)the average annual precipitation in the Qinling Mountains had decreased in the past 54 years, with a rate of -11.95 mm/decade; there is an obvious periodicity and significant spatial difference in precipitation changes. The precipitation is mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions.(2)on the seasonal scale, there had been a significant seasonal difference in precipitation changes in the Qinling Mountains in the past 54 years; the spatial reduction trend was particularly significant in spring at high altitudes.(3)the precipitation change in Qinling Mountain had obvious difference before and after the sudden temperature change; before the sudden temperature change, the decreasing trend was dominant, which reached the significance level in 82.21% of area; after the sudden change, the increasing trend was dominant, which accounted for 65.60% of the area;(4)there was a clear north-south difference in precipitation changes in the Qinling Mountains; in the past 54 years, the average annual precipitation on the northern slope had decreased, with an average rate of -7.1 mm/decade, and it had an increasing trend the southern slope, with a rate of 35.1 mm/decade; before the mutation, the change trend of precipitation on the north slope was not obvious and the increasing trend was mainly on the south slope. In the past 54 years, the south area of the Qinling Mountains had experienced high rainfall intensity. Natural disasters such as drought and extreme precipitation were likely to occur in the summer and winter, which threatened the safety of life and property. The prevention of droughts and floods should be strengthened.
参考文献/References:
[1] Chen Y, Li B, Fan Y, et al. Hydrological and water cycle processes of inland river basins in the arid region of Northwest China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2019,11(2):161-179.
[2] 邹骥,滕飞,傅莎.减缓气候变化社会经济评价研究的最新进展:对IPCC第五次评估报告第三工作组报告的评述[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(5):313-322.
[3] 常军,王永光,赵宇,等.近50年黄河流域降水量及雨日的气候变化特征[J].高原气象,2014,33(1):43-54.
[4] 苗运玲,张云惠,卓世新,等.东疆地区汛期降水集中度和集中期的时空变化特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(6):949-956.
[5] 王冀,赵春雨,娄德君.东北地区冬季降雪的集中度和集中期变化特征[J].地理学报,2010,65(9):1069-1078.
[6] 张悟颖,孙维君,张玉伦.1960—2012年西藏林芝气温和降水变化[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(5):1086-1092.
[7] 朱艳欣,桑燕芳.青藏高原降水季节分配的空间变化特征[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(11):1533-1544.
[8] 李双双,芦佳玉,延军平,等.1970—2015年秦岭南北气温时空变化及其气候分界意义[J].地理学报,2018,73(1):13-24.
[9] 王根绪,程根伟,刘巧,等.全球变化下的山地表生环境过程:认知与挑战:中国科学院贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站建站30周年回顾与展望[J].山地学报,2017,35(5):605-621.
[10] 贾仰文,郝春沣,牛存稳,等.典型山地降水径流时空演变及“水—热—人—地”匹配性分析[J].地理学报,2019,74(11):1-15.
[11] 李沁汶,王玉宽,徐佩,等.未来气候变化情景下横断山北部灾害易发区极端降水时空特征[J].山地学报,2019,37(3):400-408.
[12] 周旗,卞娟娟,郑景云.秦岭南北1951—2009年的气温与热量资源变化[J].地理学报,2011,66(9):1211-1218.
[13] 刘引鸽,葛永刚,周旗.秦岭以南地区降水量变化及其灾害效应研究[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(1):50-55.
[14] 王钊,罗慧,李亚丽,等.近50年秦岭南北不均匀增温及对城市化响应[J].应用气象学报,2016,27(1):85-94.
[15] 邓晨晖,白红英,高山,等.秦岭植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的双重响应[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(3):425-438.
[16] 赵芳,张百平,朱连奇,等.秦巴山地垂直带谱结构的空间分异与暖温带—亚热带界线问题[J].地理学报,2019,74(5):889-901.
[17] 李军,游松财,黄敬峰.中国1961—2000年月平均气温空间插值方法与空间分布[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):109-114.
[18] 郑小波,罗宇翔,于飞,等.西南复杂山地农业气候要素空间插值方法比较[J].中国农业气象,2008,29(4):458-462.
[19] 徐翔,许瑶,孙青青,等.复杂山地环境下气候要素的空间插值方法比较研究[J].华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,52(1):122-129.
[20] 王少鹏,王志恒,朴世龙,等.我国40年来增温时间存在显著的区域差异[J].科学通报,2010,55(16):1538-1543.
[21] 丁一汇,柳艳菊,梁苏洁,等.东亚冬季风的年代际变化及其与全球气候变化的可能联系[J].气象学报,2014,72(5):835-852.
[22] 邓晨晖.气候变化背景下秦岭山地物候时空变化及其响应[D].西安:西北大学,2018.
[23] 马佳宁,高艳红.近50年黄河上游流域年均降水与极端降水变化分析[J].高原气象,2019,38(1):124-135.
[24] 李淼,夏军,陈社明,等.北京地区近300年降水变化的小波分析[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(6):1001-1011.
相似文献/References:
[1]倪盼盼,朱元骏,崔亚强.黄土塬区降水变化对冬小麦叶片形态和生物量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(06):116.
NI Panpan,ZHU Yuanjun,CUI Yaqiang.Effects of Rainfall Change on Leaf Morphology and Biomass of Winter Wheat in the Loess Tableland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):116.
[2]李长斌,彭云峰,赵殿智,等.降水变化和氮素添加对青藏高原高寒草原群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(06):185.
LI Changbin,PENG Yunfeng,ZHAO Dianzhi,et al.Effects of Precipitation Change and Nitrogen Addition on Community Structure and Plant Diversity in an Alpine Steppe on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):185.
[3]杜好田,焦峰,姚静,等.黄土丘陵区降水变化对退耕草地土壤水分特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(05):81.
DU Haotian,JIAO Feng,YAO Jing,et al.Effects of Precipitation Changes on Soil Moisture Characteristics of Returning Farmland in Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(02):81.
[4]刘 迪,邓 强,时新荣,等.黄土高原刺槐人工林根际和非根际土壤磷酸酶活性对模拟降水变化的响应[J].水土保持研究,2020,27(01):95.
LIU Di,Dengqiang,SHI Xinrong,et al.Responses of Phosphatase Activity in Rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere Soils to Simulated Precipitation Changes in Planted Robinia pseudoacacia Forest on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(02):95.
[5]邓 强,刘 迪,时新荣,等.黄土高原刺槐人工林林下植物多样性对模拟降水变化的响应[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(01):1.
DENG Qiang,LIU Di,SHI Xinrong,et al.Effects of Manipulative Precipitation on Plant Species Diversity in the Understory of Planted Robinia pseudoacacia Forest on the Loess Plateau, China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(02):1.
[6]刘 炜,焦树林,李银久,等.贵州省1960—2019年不同地貌类型降水时空特征[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(05):159.
LIU Wei,JIAO Shulin,LI Yinjiu,et al.Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation of Different Geomorphic Types in Guizhou Province from 1960 to 2019[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(02):159.
[7]盛翰苑,翟林博,曹家仪,等.模拟降水变化下黄土丘陵区草地群落特征及其物候期响应[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(06):146.
SHENG Hanyuan,ZHAI Linbo,CAO Jiayi,et al.Characteristics of Grassland Community and Its Ethnological Response in Loess Hilly Regions Under Simulated Precipitation Change[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(02):146.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2020-05-18 修回日期:2020-06-10
资助项目:重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究重点专项项目“三峡库区水土要素时空耦合效应与人地系统优化调控”(cstc2017jcyjB0317)
第一作者:刘荷(1996—),女,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土地利用与土地管理。E-mail:liuhe_hh@163.com
通信作者:邵景安(1976—),男,安徽亳州人,博士,研究员,主要从事土地利用与生态过程研究。E-mail:shao_ja2003@sohu.com