SU Mengbai,WANG Keqin,SONG Yali,et al.Characteristics of Runoff, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses Under Different Land-use Types in Jianshan River Basin in Middle Yunnan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(05):24-31.
滇中尖山河流域不同土地利用类型产流及氮磷流失特征
- Title:
- Characteristics of Runoff, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses Under Different Land-use Types in Jianshan River Basin in Middle Yunnan Province
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)05-0024-08
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 地表径流造成土壤养分流失及土地生产力衰退,径流产生特征与土地利用类型密切相关,深入研究其作用机制可为水土流失治理、流域内水体保护及氮磷迁移规律提供科学依据。以滇中尖山河流域不同土地利用类型(人工林、灌木林、次生林、坡耕地)为研究对象,定量监测了2017年雨季(5月—10月)降雨过程中产流量、氮磷流失的形态、浓度、流失量及动态变化特征。结果表明:(1)随着降雨量的增大,不同土地利用类型下径流小区的径流量逐渐增大,降雨量与径流量之间相关性显著,各径流小区径流量均表现为:灌木林<次生林<人工林<坡耕地;(2)不同土地利用类型在各降雨条件下TN和TP浓度分别表现为:人工林(2.39 mg/L)<次生林(2.63 mg/L)<灌木林(2.64 mg/L)<坡耕地(4.00 mg/L)、灌木林(2.53 mg/L)<次生林(4.07 mg/L)<人工林(5.72 mg/L)<坡耕地(6.47 mg/L),坡耕地显著增加了径流中不同形态氮磷的浓度;(3)溶解态氮磷是径流水体中氮磷污染的主要污染物,其中NO-3-N为径流氮素流失的主要形态,PO-4-P占TP浓度的比例为50.91%～77.87%;(4)TN,TP总流失量均表现为:灌木林(0.76,0.61 mg/m2)<次生林(1.04,1.65 mg/m2)<人工林(1.36,3.60 mg/m2)<坡耕地(7.91,15.12 mg/m2)。为了减缓尖山河流域水体污染问题,可调整尖山河流域沿线土地利用类型,在降雨前应减少和避免农事活动,增加灌木林地面积,在流域出口处布设灌木林来减少流域氮磷的流失。
- Abstract:
- Surface runoff causes soil nutrient loss and land productivity decline, and runoff generation characteristics are closely related to land use types. In-depth study of its mechanism can provide scientific basis for soil erosion control, water body protection in the watershed and nitrogen and phosphorus migration rules. In this study, different land use types(plantation, bush, secondary forest, slope farmland)in Jianshan river basin in middle Yunnan Province were selected as the research study sites, and runoff plots with a horizontal projection area of 5 m×20 m were arranged. The runoff amount, patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus loss, concentrations, loss amount and dynamic change characteristics during the rainy season of 2017(May to October)were qualitatively monitored. The results showed that:(1)with the increase of rainfall, the runoff amount of each plots under different land use types gradually increased, and there was a significant correlation between rainfall and runoff amount; the runoff amount in each plot increased in the order: bush<secondary forest<plantation forest<slope farmland;(2)the TN and TP concentrations in different land use types under the condition of rainfall increased in the order: plantation forest(2.39 mg/L)<secondary forest(2.63 mg/L)<bush(2.64 mg/L)<slope farmland(4.00 mg/L), and bush(2.53 mg/L)<secondary forest(4.07 mg/L)<plantation forest(5.72 mg/L)< slope farmland(6.47 mg/L), the concentrations of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff significantly increased in slope farmland;(3)dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus were the main pollutants of pollution in runoff water, NO-3-N was the main form of nitrogen loss in runoff, and PO-4-P accounted for 50.91%～77.87% of TP concentration;(4)the total loss of TN and TP increased in the order: bush(0.76 and 0.61 mg/m2)<secondary forests(1.04 and 1.65 mg/m2)<plantation forest(1.36 and 3.60 mg/m2)<slope farmland(7.91 and 15.12 mg/m2). Therefore, in order to alleviate water pollution in Jianshan river basin, the land use type along Jianshan river basin should be adjusted, agricultural activities should be reduced and avoided before rainfall; bush forest area should be increased, bush forest should be set at the outlet of the basin to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the basin.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-08-09修回日期:2019-11-21
资助项目:云南省重点研发计划(2018BC001); 云南省高校优势特色重点学科(生态学)建设项目(050005113111); 国家林草局林业科技创新平台运行项目“云南玉溪森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站”(2019132161)
第一作者:苏孟白(1996—),男,云南人,硕士研究生,主要从事生态恢复研究。E-mail:1176111495@qq.com
通信作者:宋娅丽(1985—),女,山西长治人,博士,主要从事生态系统功能研究。E-mail:songyali19851205@sina.com