LI Hongyu,ZHANG Gongliang,ZHENG Guiping,et al.Evaluation on Technical Effect of Double Depth Ridge Cultivation Mode of Rice in Cold Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(04):164-170.
寒地水稻垄作双深耕作栽培模式技术效果的评价
- Title:
- Evaluation on Technical Effect of Double Depth Ridge Cultivation Mode of Rice in Cold Region
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)04-0164-07
- Keywords:
- rice in cold region; double depth ridge cultivation; nitrogen utilization efficiency; yield; dry matter accumulation
- 分类号:
- S511
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为评价垄作双深耕作栽培模式对土壤部分理化指标和水稻产量及肥料利用效率的影响,在3个试验地点,对垄作双深耕作栽培(简称垄作)和常规平作耕作栽培(简称平作)的产量、干物质生产、根部性状、肥料利用率及土壤容重、团聚体和温度进行了比较研究。结果表明:采用该技术模式,土壤容重下降,土壤温度和团聚体升高是普遍现象。垄作0—5 cm和5—10 cm土层的容重分别下降10.40%,10.26%,0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层团聚体分别增加27.85%,14.18%,6月上旬—9月上旬距地表5,10,15 cm位置旬平均温度分别升高2.35,0.58,1.12℃。垄作齐穗期干物重和叶面积指数、灌浆期干物重和叶面积指数、各时期根干重方面表现出显著优势。垄作平均增产7.85%,增产幅度为7.92%～9.86%,穗数或穗粒数增加是其增产的主要原因。垄作氮肥贡献率、土壤氮素依存率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别较平作提高13.85%,15.46%,20.86%,6.97%。因此,垄作双深耕作栽培模式改善了土壤理化性质,促进根系生长发育,从而使水稻地上部分表现出生长优势,提高了肥料利用率和产量。
- Abstract:
- In order to evaluate the effects of double depth ridge cultivation on soil physicochemical indexes, rice yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency, the yield, dry matter production, root characters, fertilizer utilization efficiency, soil bulk density, aggregates and temperature of double depth ridge cultivation(short for ridge cultivation)were compared with those of the conventional flatten cultivation(short for flatten cultivation)in three experimental sites. The results indicated that the decrease of soil bulk density and the increase of soil temperature and aggregates were common phenomena under ridge cultivation; the bulk densities of 0—5 cm and 5—10 cm soil layers decreased by 10.40% and 10.26%, repectively, and the aggregates of 0—10 cm and 10—20 cm soil layers increased by 27.85% and 14.18%, respectively; from the first ten days of June to the first ten days of September, the average temperatures of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm interval from surface soil increased by 2.35℃, 0.58℃ and 1.12℃, respectively; the dry matter production and leaf area index at full heading and filling stages, and root dry weight at each stage of ridge cultivation showed the significant advantageous values; The yield increased by 7.85% on average, with the range from 7.92% to 9.86%; the increase of panicle number or grain number per panicle was the main reason for the yield increase; compared with flatten cultivation, the nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate, soil nitrogen dependency rate, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen partial productivity of ridge cultivation increased by 13.85%,15.46%,20.86% and 6.97%, respectively. Therefore, the double depth ridge cultivation can improve the physicochemical properties of soil and promote the growth and development of root system, which promote the growth advantage of aerial part and increase the fertilizer utilization rate and rice yield.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-07-29 修回日期:2019-10-13
资助项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300104); 黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HNK135-02-02)
第一作者:李红宇(1979—),男,黑龙江方正人,副教授,博士,主要从事水稻高产生理生态及遗传多样性研究。E-mail:ndrice@163.com
通信作者:郑桂萍(1960—),女,黑龙江密山人,教授,博士,主要从事水稻逆境生理生态研究。E-mail:514500662@qq.com