DONG Yunyun,WANG Fei,HAN Jianqiao,et al.Effects of Plastic Film and Straw Mulching on Soil Moisture and Soybean Yield in Dryland Farmland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(03):364-371.
地膜和秸秆覆盖对旱地农田土壤水分和大豆产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Plastic Film and Straw Mulching on Soil Moisture and Soybean Yield in Dryland Farmland
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)03-0364-08
- Keywords:
- soil moisture; soybean; yield; straw mulching; conservation tillage
- 分类号:
- S565.1; S155.4+3
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探明黄土高原半干旱丘陵沟壑区不同覆盖措施对土壤水分和作物产量的影响,在陕北安塞县山地梯田进行了系统试验,监测并分析了地膜覆盖(M)、谷子秸秆覆盖量5 000 kg/hm2(J5)、谷子秸秆覆盖量2 500 kg/hm2(J2)和传统耕作(CK,对照处理)4个处理对农田土壤水分、大豆(中黄35)主要植株性状、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)在大豆生育期内,0—280 cm土层平均土壤体积含水量M处理最高,比最低的CK高30.08%; 根系广泛分布的0—60 cm土壤剖面中的耗水量顺序为:CK>M>J5>J2,其中CK和M的耗水量分别比J2高10.82%(p<0.05)和9.70%(p<0.05),CK的耗水量比J5高8.12%(p<0.05),其他处理间差异均不显著;(2)各覆盖处理的大豆株高、单片叶面积、单株生物干重和百粒重都大于CK,其中M的上述性状值均最大;(3)M,J5和J2分别比CK增产46.73%(p<0.01),34.61%(p<0.05)和15.69%,M和J5之间差异不显著;(4)M,J5和J2的水分利用效率依次比CK高48.30%(p<0.01),45.71%(p<0.01)和28.14%(p<0.05),M和J5之间差异不显著。研究表明,在半干旱区CK的产量和水分利用效率均最低,地膜覆盖保水和增产效果显著但存在污染问题和环境风险,秸秆覆盖是目前该区适宜推广的保护性耕作措施。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the effects of different mulching measures on soil moisture and crop yield in the semi-arid hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, systematic experiments were carried out in the mountain terraces of Ansai County, northern Shaanxi Pprovince. The soil moisture, main plant traits, yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of soybean(Zhonghuang 35)were monitored and analyzed by using four experimental treatments which were plastic film mulching(M), straw mulching with quantity of 5 000 kg/hm2 (J5), straw mulching with quantity of 2 500 kg/hm2 (J2)and traditional tillage(CK). The results showed that:(1)the average soil volume water content in 0—280 cm soil layer under M during the growth period of soybean was the largest, which was 30.08% higher than CK with the lowest soil volume water content; the water consumption in the 0—60 cm soil profile during the whole growth period decreased in the order: CK>M>J5>J2, in which the water consumption of CK and M was 10.82% (p<0.05)and 9.70% (p<0.05)higher than that of J2, respectively, and the water consumption of CK was 8.12% (p<0.05)higher than of J5, and the difference of water consumption between other treatments was not significant;(2)the plant heights, single leaf areas, single plant dry weights and 100-grain weights of soybean under each mulching treatments were all greater than those under CK, and the above trait value of M was the largest;(3)the yields of M, J5 and J2 were 46.73% (p<0.01), 34.61% (p<0.05)and 15.69% higher than that of CK, respectively, and the difference between M and J5 was not significant;(4)the WUEs of M, J5 and J2 were 48.30% (p<0.01), 45.71% (p<0.01)and 28.14% (p<0.05)higher than that of CK, respectively, and the difference between M and J5 was not significant. The yield and water use efficiency of CK are the lowest in semi-arid area, and the effect of film mulching on water conservation and yield increase is significant, but film mulching results in potential pollution problem and environmental risk. Straw mulching is an appropriate conservation tillage measure which should be promoted in this area.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-07-12 修回日期:2019-08-03资助项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501707); 国家自然科学基金(41771558,41807067); 秦巴山地坡面近自然水土保持关键技术集成与示范(2017sbkj-01)第一作者:董云云(1993—),女,山西阳泉人,硕士,主要从事水土保持效益评价。E-mail:1047106018@qq.com通信作者:王飞(1971—),男,陕西户县人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事水土保持效应与流域综合管理研究工作。E-mail:wafe@ms.iswc.ac.cn