WANG Tao,XIAO Caixia,LIU Jiao,et al.Evolution of Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Landscape and Its Impact on Landscape Ecological Risk in Qilu Lake Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(06):219-225.
杞麓湖流域景观时空格局演变及其对景观生态风险的影响
- Title:
- Evolution of Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Landscape and Its Impact on Landscape Ecological Risk in Qilu Lake Basin
- Keywords:
- landscape pattern; type conversion; ecological risk; Qilu Lake Basin
- 分类号:
- P901;F301.24;X826
- 摘要:
- 持续的干旱致使杞麓湖水面大幅萎缩、生态系统不断退化，由经济规模和土地利用扩张造成的生态压力和风险日益增大。为探析景观格局演变及其对景观生态风险的影响，以杞麓湖流域为研究区，基于1985年、2000年和2015年3期Landsat卫星影像，建立了杞麓湖流域景观结构类型矢量数据库，分析了区域景观结构的组成及其转化。应用景观生态风险评价理论及景观格局指数构建景观生态风险评价模型，对219个生态风险采样小区和流域生态风险的等级空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）研究期间景观格局变化明显，主要特征为建设用地和湿地为转入变化，面积显著增加，水体为转出变化，面积显著减少，缩小了近50%，耕地、林地和未利用地一直处于双向转化，但面积均有所减少。（2）流域景观破碎度小于0.1，景观破碎化程度较轻，耕地和林地的景观优势明显，占流域的主导地位，湿地的干扰度最大，最易受到外界环境变化的影响。（3）样区生态风险值大多介于0.5~1.0，流域主要处于较低生态风险等级，但低和较高生态风险正向更高等级的生态风险转化，流域生态趋于恶化；流域生态风险空间分布的区位性和异质性特征明显，低生态风险主要位于流域中的平原地带，高生态风险集中于杞麓湖，较低和中生态风险绕湖盆和湖泊分布，较高生态风险分布比较零散。
- Abstract:
- The sustained drought has caused the water surface of Qilu Lake to shrink dramatically and the ecosystem to degenerate continuously. To research the landscape spatial changes and its impacts on landscape ecological risk, the ecological pressure and risk caused by the expansion of economic scale and land use is increasing day by day. The Qilu Lake Basin was taken as the study area. Landsat remote sensing images of the Qilu Lake Basin in 1995, 2000 and 2015 were classified to establish the vector database of landscape structure types, the composition and transformation characteristics were analyzed in this paper. Based on landscape ecological risk assessment theory and landscape pattern index, the landscape ecological risk assessment model was constructed. Ecological risk values of 219 ecological risk sampling plots and the spatial distribution characteristics of different levels of ecological risk were evaluated. The results showed that:(1) during the past 30 years, the landscape pattern of the Qilu Lake Basin had changed significantly, the main characteristics were that the expansions of construction land and wetland, and the their areas increased, the reduction of water area, the water area decreased by nearly 50%, agricultural land, forest land and unused land presented two-way transformation, but their area decreased in general; (2) landscape fragmentation degree was less than 0.1, it was relatively slight; agricultural land and forestland had obvious landscape advantages, occupying the dominant position in this basin; wetlands had the greatest degree of interference and were most vulnerable to changes in the external environment; (3) most of the ecological risk values in the sample plots were between 0.5 and 1.0, and the basin was mainly at the lower ecological risk level, but the lower and higher ecological risks were transforming to the higher ecological risk level, which meant that the ecosystem of the basin tended to deteriorate; the spatial distribution of ecological risk in the basin had obvious characteristics of location and heterogeneity, the low ecological risk was mainly located in the plain area of the basin, and the high ecological risk was concentrated in Qilu Lake, the lower and middle ecological risks distributed around the lake basins and lakes, while higher ecological risks scattered.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-01-18;改回日期:2019-02-18。
基金项目:贵州省林业厅林业优秀青年人才培养专项资金项目（黔林科合J[2018]10号）；国家自然科学基金（31660236）
作者简介:王涛(1991-),男,四川冕宁人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事资源环境遥感研究。E-mail:1050789968@qq.com
通讯作者:禄鑫(1984-),男,贵州威宁人,双学士学位,高级工程师,主要从事森林资源调查研究。E-mail:57567071@qq.com