CHEN Lei,GAO Shanxue,ZHOU George.Effects of Application of Slow Release Fertilizer Coated with Biochar on the Nitrogen Loss in Soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(06):53-57.
施加炭基缓释肥对土壤氮素流失的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Application of Slow Release Fertilizer Coated with Biochar on the Nitrogen Loss in Soil
- Keywords:
- agricultural engineering; carbon-based slow release fertilizer; pot experiment; nitrogen loss
- 分类号:
- S147.2;S153.6;X53
- 摘要:
- 蔬菜地氮肥用量大、灌水量和频率较高，因而氮素流失量大，给周边水体带来严重的污染，因此改善肥料施用方式或开发环境友好型的肥料是当前的发展趋势。以荷叶为原料烧制生物质炭，并以其为包膜材料制备炭基缓释肥，通过盆栽试验和人工降雨试验，研究了常规施用复合肥、添加荷叶生物质炭以及施用炭基缓释肥对小白菜种植土壤中氮素的渗漏流失及径流流失的影响。研究发现：小白菜种植土壤渗漏流失及径流流失的氮素以硝态氮为主。与常规施用复合肥相比，添加荷叶生物质炭使小白菜增产32.6%，对土壤总氮的渗漏流失量削减了26.9%，对土壤总氮的大雨径流流失量削减了23.3%，对土壤总氮的暴雨径流流失量削减了32.3%；而施用炭基缓释肥使小白菜增产42.8%，对土壤总氮的渗漏流失量削减了36.6%，对土壤总氮的大雨径流流失量削减了38.1%，对土壤总氮的暴雨径流流失量削减了43.6%。因此，利用农业废物资源荷叶烧制生物质炭并制备炭基缓释肥，对减缓农业氮素流失，控制面源污染有着重要的应用前景。
- Abstract:
- Because of use of the large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the high frequency of irrigation, the amount of nitrogen loss in vegetable soil is large, causing pollution of the surrounding water. Therefore, it is the current development trend to improve the fertilizer application way or to develop the environment-friendly fertilizer. Biochar was made from lotus leaves, and slow release fertilizer coated with biochar was prepared with biochar as its coating material. Through pot experiment and artificial rainfall experiment, the effects of conventional application of fertilizer, adding lotus leaf biochar and using slow release fertilizer coated with biochar on nitrogen leakage loss and runoff loss in the Pakchoi field were studied. It was found that nitrate nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen leakage and runoff loss in the Pakchoi soil. Compared with the conventional application of fertilizer, adding lotus leaf biochar increased the yield of Pakchoi by 32.6%, reduced the leakage loss of total nitrogen by 26.9%, reduced the heavy rain runoff loss of total nitrogen by 23.3% and reduced the rainstorm runoff loss of total nitrogen by 32.3%, while the application of slow release fertilizer coated with biochar increased the yield of Pakchoi by 42.8%, reduced the leakage loss of total nitrogen by 36.6%, reduced the heavy rain runoff loss of total nitrogen by 38.1% and reduced the rainstorm runoff loss of total nitrogen by 43.6%. Therefore, using agricultural waste resources to make biochar and to prepare slow release fertilizer coated with biochar has the important application prospect for reducing nitrogen loss in soil and controlling non-point source pollution.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-01-22;改回日期:2019-02-19。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金"天然有机质共存时三氯生光转化的微观机理及生物效应研究"（41301545）
作者简介:陈蕾(1985-),女,江苏泰州人,博士,副教授,从事水体氮磷污染控制技术方向的研究。E-mail:chenlei_njfu@163.com