QI Xingyuan,GAO Zhaoliang,ZHANG Xiang,et al.Rill Dynamic Development Process of Loess Engineering Accumulation With Variable Slope Length[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(03):42-48.
黄土堆积体变坡长坡面细沟动态发育过程
- Title:
- Rill Dynamic Development Process of Loess Engineering Accumulation With Variable Slope Length
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 摘要:
- 通过开展野外模拟径流冲刷试验，研究变坡长条件下工程堆积体平台汇水对坡面细沟动态发育的影响。以中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所杨凌水土保持野外科学试验站仿真堆积体陡坡为对象，设计3个坡度（24°，28°，32°），4个坡长（8，12，16，20 m）及4个流量（12，18，24，30 L/min），分析变坡长条件下工程堆积体坡面细沟动态发育过程。结果表明：（1）沟宽和沟深均随冲刷历时（30 min）延长呈增大趋势，且呈对数函数关系，其中沟宽在0～9 min发育迅速，占最终沟宽的64%～88%；沟深在0～15 min发育较快，占最终沟深的68%～84%。（2）细沟宽深比呈先增加后减缓趋势，并最终稳定在1.54～2.56，细沟断面呈V形。（3）平台—陡坡过渡区和坡上部位泥沙贡献率高达60.36%，为土壤侵蚀易发区。（4）坡长变化对沟宽和沟深有显著影响且规律明显，对细沟宽深比产生影响但无明显规律，对断面泥沙贡献率影响较小。研究结果可为工程堆积体坡面产沙规律揭示及水土流失防控措施配置提供参考。
- Abstract:
- In order to revel the impact of engineering accumulation platform catchment to the dynamic development of rill on variable slope length,scouring-erosion experiments were conducted. These were based on the example of the steep slope of the engineering accumulation at Yangling Soil and Water Conservation Field Science Experiment Station of Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences,and three slopes (24°, 28°, 32°), four slopes length (8 m, 12 m, 16 m and 20 m) and four flow rates (12 L/min, 18 L/min, 24 L/min, 30 L/min) were designed to analyze rill dynamic development process of loess accumulation under variable slope length. The results showed that:(1) the rill width and depth both increased with time of eroding (30 minutes), and showed logarithmic function relationship; the rill width developed rapidly at 0~9 minutes, accounting for 64%~88% of the final rill width; the rill depth developed rapidly at 0~15 minutes, accounting for 68%~84% of the final rill depth; (2) the width-depth ratio of rill showed first increased and then slowed down, finally stabilized at 1.54~2.56, and shape of the rill was V-shape finally; (3) the contribution rate of sediment in the platform-steep slope transition zone and the upper part of the slope were as high as 60.36%, which was an area prone to soil erosion; (4) the change of slope length had a significant effect on the width and depth of the rill, and the regularity was obvious, it had an impact on the width-depth ratio of the rill but had no obvious regularity, and had little effect on the contribution rate of the sediment in the section. The research results can provide references for revealing the regularity of sediment production on the slope of engineering accumulation and the configuration of prevention and control measures for soil erosion.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-07-09;改回日期:2018-08-11。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金“工程堆积体陡坡坡面径流侵蚀输沙动力过程试验研究”（41671283）；“十三五”重点研发计划“高塬沟壑区固沟保塬生态防护与苹果产业提质增效技术及示范”（2016YFC0501706-02）
作者简介:齐星圆(1992-),男,河北保定人,硕士生,研究方向:工程建设区土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:qiqiujin@163.com
通讯作者:高照良(1969-),男,河南灵宝人,研究员,博士,博士生导师,研究方向:农业水土工程和荒漠化防治。E-mail:gzl@ms.iswc.ac.cn