[1]刘慰,王随继.黄河下游河道断面沉积速率的时段变化及其原因分析[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(02):167-174.
　LIU Wei,WANG Suiji.Temporal and Spatial Change of the Sedimentation Rate on the Channel Cross-sections in the Lower Reaches of Yellow River and Its Influence Factors[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(02):167-174.
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黄河下游河道断面沉积速率的时段变化及其原因分析

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 26 期数: 2019年02期 页码: 167-174 栏目: 出版日期: 2019-04-28
Title:
Temporal and Spatial Change of the Sedimentation Rate on the Channel Cross-sections in the Lower Reaches of Yellow River and Its Influence Factors
作者:
刘慰1,2, 王随继1,2
1. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所 陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京 100101;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
Author(s):
LIU Wei1,2, WANG Suiji1,2
1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
关键词:
黄河下游; 河道断面; 沉积速率; 时空变化
Keywords:
lower reaches of Yellow River; channel cross-sections; sedimentation rate; temporal and spatial change
分类号:
P512.2
摘要:
黄河中游的大量来沙导致其下游河道沉积升高而变成了悬河，成了防洪的潜在威胁。为了揭示半个世纪以来黄河下游的沉积态势及其沉积速率的时空变化，选取了黄河下游花园口、高村、洛口、利津4个典型水文站1960年以来的水沙和河道断面的实测资料，分析了水沙变化趋势，计算了不同时段河道断面河床沉积速率。结果表明：上述4个断面的沉积速率在时间上都有明显的减小趋势，这与流域逐渐增强的水土保持措施、水库调节和引水相关，而由于水库运行方式的不同，其中部分时段呈现较大的侵蚀速率，尤其自2010年以来侵蚀态势更为明显。断面河床沉积速率在空间上自高村以下呈现出沿程增大趋势，从沿程分布的辫状、弯曲和顺直3类河型来看，1960年以来的平均沉积速率在辫状和弯曲河段相近，而顺直河段最大，这主要与河道比降逐渐变小而引起的水动力变弱有关。为了持续降低黄河下游的沉积速率，中上游水土保持措施的持续实施和小浪底水库有计划的清水冲沙仍然是未来黄河下游河道治理的最好选择。
Abstract:
The large amount of sediments delivered from the middle reaches of Yellow River Basin to the lower reaches has resulted in that the riverbed in lower reach is higher than ground and the lower reaches of Yellow River became a ’hanging river’, which is a potential threat to flood control. In order to reveal the sedimentation trend in the channel of the lower reaches of Yellow River, we calculated the sedimentation rates on the channel cross-sections of Huayuankou, Gaocun, Luokou, and Lijin gauging stations in the lower reaches of Yellow River based on the measured data since 1960, and analyzed the temporal and spatial change of the sedimentation rates. The results showed that the sedimentation rate of the above cross-sections decreased obviously in different time periods, which is related to the vigorous implementation of soil-and-water conservation measures, regulation of reservoirs, and water diversion in the basin. Due to the different operation strategies of reservoirs, the erosion rate during partial periods was relatively large, especially since 2010. The spatial evolution of the sedimentation rate of channel bed showed an increasing trend in the lower reaches passing the Gaocun station. In terms of braided, meandering, and straight three channel patterns along the lower reaches of Yellow River, the sedimentation rate of the braided channel is similar to that of the meandering channel, while that of the straight channel reach is the largest among the three channel patterns. This spatial variation trend is mainly related to the weakened flow power caused by the gradual reduction of the channel gradient. For the sake of a sustainable reduction in the sedimentation rate of the lower reaches of Yellow River, the continuous implementation of soil-and-water conservation measures in the middle and upper reaches and the planned water flushing of Xiaolangdi Reservoir are still the best choices for the lower Yellow River management in the future.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2018-03-14;改回日期:2018-05-22。
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0402503）；自然科学科学基金（41571005，41271027）
作者简介:刘慰(1996-),女,山西忻州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为河流地貌学。E-mail:liuw.16s@igsnrr.ac.cn
通讯作者:王随继(1966-),男,甘肃静宁人,博士,副研究员/岗位教授,主要从事沉积学、地貌学研究。E-mail:wangsj@igsnrr.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01