GE Bo,DU Yan,CHANG Meng,et al.Soil Water Content and Lateral Rheology of Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest Under Different Rainfall Levels[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(02):161-166.
不同降雨等级下杉木林土壤含水率和侧向流变化特征
- Title:
- Soil Water Content and Lateral Rheology of Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest Under Different Rainfall Levels
- 分类号:
- S715.3
- 摘要:
- 为了探究不同降雨等级对林下不同深度土壤含水率和侧向流变化的影响，探究南京城郊杉木林各层土壤含水率、侧向流变化对降雨事件的响应，分析土壤含水率变化量与累计降雨量和侧向流的关系，初步探讨杉木林的水源涵养机制。选取南京市铜山林场46年生杉木林，在大、中、小3种降雨等级下，采用ECH2O土壤水分监测系统对土壤剖面0—5，5—15，15—30，30—60 cm的土壤水分含量进行了实时连续监测。结果表明：（1）0—5，5—15 cm土层土壤含水率变化曲线和降雨量变化曲线具有同步性，15—30，30—60 cm土层含水率达到峰值时间滞后1～1.5 h；（2）小雨条件下，只有0—5，5—15 cm土层变化趋势较明显，侧向流主要发生在5—15 cm土层；（3）中雨条件下，雨强在8 mm/h和15.2 mm/h时，土层含水率出现2次明显的响应，侧向流主要发生在15—30 cm土层；（4）大雨条件下，累计降雨量22.8 mm时，5—15，15—30，30—60 cm土层出现峰值，侧向流主要发生在30—60 cm土层；（5）小雨、中雨、大雨过程中产生的最大侧向流分别为1.55，13.88，94.77 mm，随着降雨量的增加，侧向流有增加的趋势。土壤水分入渗为非饱和入渗，随着土层深度的增加，含水率峰值逐渐增大，侧向流增加较明显。土壤含水率变化和降雨量有较好的线性关系且相关性较强，随着降雨量的增加，土壤含水率和降雨量的相关性越来越差。土壤含水率变化量与累计降雨量和侧向流三者间互有显著相关性，最大侧向流与累计降雨量呈指数关系，y=0.7614e0.2238x。
- Abstract:
- This study examined the impact of different rainfall levels on soil moisture content and Lateral flow in different soil depths of the forest to explore the response of the soil moisture content and the change of lateral flow in each soil layer in fir forest in Nanjing suburb, analyzed the relationship within the variation of soil moisture content, cumulative rainfall and the lateral flow, and preliminary discuss the water conservation mechanism of Chinese fir forest. The 46-year-old fir forest of Nanjing Tongshan Forestry Centre was selected as the study site. The soil moisture content of soil profiles 0—5 cm,5—15 cm,15—30 cm and 30—60 cm were monitored continuously by using the technology of system ECH2O under the 3 types of rainfall levels (8 mm, 17.6 mm, 28.2 mm). The results indicated that: (1) the variation curves of soil water contents in 0—5 cm soil layer and 5—15 cm soil layer and the curves of rainfall variation were synchronous; the time when the water contents of 15—30 cm soil layer and 30—60 cm soil layer reached peak had lagged for 1.0～1.5 h; (2) under the condition of drizzle, the water contents only in 0—5 cm and 5—15 cm soil layer changed obviously, the lateral flow mainly occurred in 5—15 cm soil layer; (3) under the moderate rain condition, the soil moisture content occurred obvious responses twice when the rainfall intensities were 8.0 mm/h and 15.2 mm/h, the lateral flow mainly occurred in 15—30 cm soil layer; (4) under the heavy rain, the cumulative rainfall was 22.8 mm/h, and the peak occurred in 5—5 cm，15—30 cm and 30—60 cm soil layers, the lateral flow mainly occurred in 30—60 cm soil layer; (5) the maximum lateral flow in the course of drizzle, moderate rain and heavy rain was 1.55 mm，13.88 mm and 94.77 mm, respectively; the lateral flow trended to increase with the increase of rainfall. The water infiltration was the unsaturated infiltration, the peak value of water content increased gradually and the lateral flow increased significantly with the increase of soil depth. The relationship between the change of soil water content and rainfall and the correlation was strong. The correlation between soil moisture content and rainfall is getting worse with the increase of rainfall. There was a remarkable correlation between the change of soil water content and cumulative rainfall and lateral flow. The maximum lateral flow had the exponential relationship with the cumulative rainfall: y=0.7614e0.2238x.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-05-11;改回日期:2018-05-29。
基金项目:“十三五”国家科技重点研发项目（2017YFC0505506）；江苏省高等学校林学优势学科建设项目（164010641）
作者简介:葛波(1992-),男,安徽萧县人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林水文与水土保持。E-mail:303832772@qq.com
通讯作者:庄家尧(1969-),男,安徽凤阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事森林水文与水土保持研究。E-mail:nlzjiayao@njfu.edu.cn