WANG Ying,WANG Jinsong,WU Ming,et al.Impacts of the Land Use and Climate Changes on the Hydrological Characteristics of Jialing River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(01):135-142.
土地利用和气候变化对嘉陵江流域水文特征的影响
- Title:
- Impacts of the Land Use and Climate Changes on the Hydrological Characteristics of Jialing River Basin
- 分类号:
- F301.24;P344
- 摘要:
- 以嘉陵江流域为研究区，通过模型校准与验证得到适宜于该流域的SWAT模型，在综合考虑土地利用和气候变化特征的基础上构建多种情景模式，模拟了不同情景下的主要水文要素。结果表明：（1）1985-2005年，流域林地减少，城镇和农村居民用地增加；草地和工业用地在上游减少，中下游地区增加；耕地在上游增加，中下游地区减少。流域总体呈暖干化趋势，上游地区水热条件的变化较中下游地区大。（2）与1976-1995年相比，土地利用和气候变化共同作用使地表径流增加，地下径流、土壤含水量、壤中流、实际蒸散发和产水量减少。其中，气候变化对流域水文过程的影响大于土地利用变化。林草地具有明显的水土保持作用，耕地在水土保持和水源涵养方面呈负贡献。RCP 8.5情景下年平均产水量较RCP 4.5情景高，但长期来看，RCP 4.5情景对降低地表径流和实际蒸散发，增加地下径流、壤中流和产水量的作用优于RCP 8.5。（3）土地利用和气候变化对流域地表径流的影响较大，对中下游的影响大于对上游的影响。
- Abstract:
- Taking Jialing River Basin as the research area, we got a suitable model by calibrating distributed hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), constructed scenarios based on comprehensive consideration of variation characteristics of Land use and climate changes, and simulated the hydrological factors and discussed the hydrological response in different scenarios at basin scale. The results showed that:(1) between 1985 and 2005, the forestland area decreased, urban and rural residential land area increased; grassland and industrial land area decreased in the upper reaches and increased in the middle and lower reaches; cultivated land area increased in the upper reaches and decreased in the middle and lower reaches; The whole basin was warm and dry, and the change of water and heat conditions in the upper reaches was larger than that in the middle and lower reaches; (2) compared with the data in the period from 1976 to 1995, the joint action of land use and climate change increased surface runoff, and decreased groundwater runoff, soil water content, interflow, actual evapotranspiration and water yield; the impact of climate change on hydrological process was greater than that of land use change; forestland and grassland had obvious function of soil and water conservation, and farmland had negative contribution to soil and water conservation; the water yield under the RCP 8.5 scenario was higher than RCP 4.5 scenario; but in the long term, the climatic conditions of RCP 4.5 is superior to RCP 8.5 in reducing surface runoff and actual evapotranspiration, and increasing groundwater runoff, interflow and water yield; (3) land use and climate change had the greater impact on the surface runoff, which was more significant in the middle and lower reaches than that in the upper reaches in this basin.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-12-18;改回日期:2018-3-22。
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（2013CB430206）；国家自然科学基金（41605089）；甘肃省自然科学基金（1606RJYA284）；中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2015M572666XB）
作者简介:王莺(1984-),女,甘肃兰州人,博士,副研究员,主要从事气候变化对农业生态的影响研究。E-mail:wangyn924@163.com