BAI Yonghong,GAO Zhiyong,WANG Youke,et al.Effects of Pruning Intensity on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Jujube Plantation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(04):206-214.
修剪强度对枣林地耗水及水分利用效率的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Pruning Intensity on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Jujube Plantation
- Keywords:
- pruning intensity; jujube; transpiration; soil moisture; dried soil layer
- 分类号:
- S161.4;S152.7
- 摘要:
- 为了探索修剪强度对枣林地耗水及水分利用效率的影响，以控制树高、冠幅、二次枝总长度等为手段，由轻到重设置了4个修剪强度，2014—2016年连续3年对枣树规格进行了控制，定期测量了枣树生长指标并计算生物量，同时利用TDP液流测定系统监测了枣树液流，中子水分仪监测了土壤水分，气象站测量了各气象要素。结果表明：（1）枣树通过修剪强度的增加可以实现降低枣树蒸腾耗水的效果，蒸腾耗水量的减小有利于林地土壤水分的提升，可以缓解林地土壤干化现象；不同降雨年份，修剪对于降低枣树蒸腾耗水效果不同，在降雨充沛的年份效果更为显著。（2）不同修剪强度间枣树蒸腾效率差异较小（变异系数<10%），适度的修剪能够较好地控制树体枝叶生物量，而对果实产量影响较小，各修剪强度间枣树产量无显著性差异，且枣树水分利用效率随着修剪强度的增大得到了显著性提高，试验修剪强度4处理下的枣树较强度1相比3年平均水分利用效率提高了11.99%。该研究对中国黄土高原旱作枣林及其他旱作经济林防治林下土壤干化具有较强的参考意义。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the effect of pruning intensity on water consumption and water use efficiency of jujube plantation, plant height, crown width and total length of secondary branch were controlled. Four treatments of pruning intensity which varied from light to heavy levels, were conducted at the Mizhi Experimental station of the Northwest A&F University during the period from 2014 to 2016. Jujube growth was measured by using vernier calipers, measuring tape and balance, meanwhile Jujube sap flow was observed by TDP liquid flow measuring system, soil moisture of jujube plantation was determined by using neutron probe, and meteorological station was used to measure the meteorological factors. The results showed that: (1) pruned jujube trees could reduce the water consumption, the decrease of transpiration water consumption was beneficial to the rise of soil moisture in jujube plantation, therefore, it could alleviate the soil desiccation in jujube plantation; however, in different rainfall years, pruning had different effects on reducing water consumption of jujube trees, and it was more effective in the abundant rainfall year; (2) the transpiration of jujube under different pruning intensities was less (CV<10%); moderate pruning could better control the biomass of jujube branches and leaves, but had little effect on jujube fruit yield; and there was no significant difference for jujube yield of different pruning intensities, but water use efficiency of jujube trees increased significantly with the increase of pruning intensity, the average water use efficiency of jujube of pruning intensity 4 was 11.99% higher than that of intensity 1. The results of this study are critical for relieving soil desiccation, and improving water use efficiency for rainfed jujube plantation and rainfed economic forest on the Loess Plateau.
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相似文献/References:
[1]柴仲平,王雪梅,孙霞,等.水氮耦合对枣树生长与产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):201.
CHAI Zhong-ping,WANG Xue-mei,SUN Xia,et al.Influence on Growth and Yield of Zizyphus Jujube under Coupling of Water and Nitrogen[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):201.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-08-07;改回日期:2017-09-01。
基金项目:陕西省自然科学基金“陕北风沙区设施枣树节水提质增效技术研究”（2016KTZDNY-01-05）；国家自然科学基金“陕北水蚀区植被功能调控技术与示范”（2015BAC01B03）；陕西省自然科学基金“红枣优质高效生产关键技术集成与示范”（2014KTCG01-03）
作者简介:白永红(1969-),男,陕西米脂人,农艺师,主要从事生态经济林栽培技术研究。E-mail:byhxo123@163.com
通讯作者:汪有科(1956-),男,甘肃民勤人,博士生导师,主要从事水资源高效利用研究。E-mail:gjzwyk@vip.sina.com