ZHANG Xiaodong,LI Zhong,ZHANG Feng.Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Characteristics Under Different Land Use Patterns in Aibinur Lake Region of Xinjiang[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(06):91-96.
新疆艾比湖地区不同土地利用方式土壤养分、酶活性及微生物特性研究
- Title:
- Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Characteristics Under Different Land Use Patterns in Aibinur Lake Region of Xinjiang
- Keywords:
- Aibinur Lake; land use patterns; soil nutrients; soil microbial
- 分类号:
- S153.2
- 摘要:
- 新疆艾比湖地区在我国内陆荒漠自然生态系统中具有典型性和较高研究价值，通过对不同土地利用方式土壤进行采样和分析，系统地研究和比较了不同土地利用方式土壤酶活性及微生物特性（土壤微生物量和微生物数量）。结果表明：新疆艾比湖不同土地利用方式土壤机械组成不尽一致，黏粒含量占主导地位，粗砂粒含量相对较低，土壤总孔隙度与土壤容重变化趋势相反。不同土地利用方式对土壤养分具有较大影响，不同土地利用方式下土壤养分（有机碳、全氮、全磷）和有效养分（有效磷、有效氮、有效钾、有效锌、有效铁含量）均呈现出一致性规律，大致表现为林地 > 草地 > 耕地 > 未利用地，土壤全磷在不同土地利用方式下差异均不显著（p>0.05）；与耕地相比，土壤微生物量碳和氮、土壤微生物数量（细菌、真菌和放线菌），土壤酶活性（土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性）均有明显的增加，大致表现为：林地 > 草地 > 耕地 > 未利用地；相关性分析表明，土壤微生物量碳和氮、细菌、放线菌和真菌数量、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性均呈显著或者极显著的负相关（p<0.05，p<0.01）；土壤有机质和全氮与蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、磷酸酶和细菌数量呈极显著正相关（p<0.01），土壤有效养分与土壤微生物量碳、细菌数量和蔗糖酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关（p<0.05，p<0.01），说明土壤微生物量碳仍是有效养分的主要来源，其中土壤容重对土壤微生物量、微生物数量和酶活性贡献为负，土壤养分对土壤微生物量、微生物数量和酶活性贡献为正，这是造成不同土地利用方式土壤微生物量、微生物数量和酶活性差异的重要原因，其中有机质和全氮是土壤微生物量、微生物数量和酶活性的主要养分来源。
- Abstract:
- The Aibinur Lake region had great position for its ecology and geography. As the essential indicators of soil quality, soil enzyme activities and soil microbial biomass play an important role in many soil chemical, physical and biological properties. A field experiment was conducted to determine the variation of soil enzyme activities and soil microbial biomass under different land use patterns in Aibinur Lake region of Xinjiang. The results are as follows. (1) Coarse silt is dominant in soil, in addition to the coarse sand grains, the land uses have significant effects on the contents of the rest fractions, the hierarchy is not obvious. The soil mechanical composition under different land use patterns was different, and the change trend of soil total porosity was contrary with the soil bulk density. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and soil available nutrients (available phosphorus, available potassium, available potassium zinc, available iron) had the same change trends, which decreased in the order:forestland > grassland > cultivated land > unused land, while the soil total phosphorus had no significant difference under different land use patterns (p>0.05). Compared with cultivated land, there was the significant increase in soil microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen), soil microbial quantity (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) and soil enzyme activities (invertase, dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase), which decreased in the order:forest land > grassland > cultivated land > unused land. Correlation analysis showed that there was the extremely significant difference between soil microbial biomass and soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity (p<0.05, p<0.01), soil organic matter and total nitrogen had the extremely significant difference with soil enzyme activity (p<0.01), while soil bulk density had the extremely negatively significant difference with soil microbial biomass and soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity, which indicated that soil microbial biomass is the main source of available nutrients, and soil pH value had the negative contribution to soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activity, while soil nutrient had the positive contribution, which was the mainly reason for the differences in soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activity. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen were the main sources of nutrients.
参考文献/References:
[1] 张旭东,梁超,诸葛玉平,等.黑碳在土壤有机碳生物地球化学循环中的作用[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):349-355.
[2] 姜明,吕宪国,杨青,等.湿地铁的生物地球化学循环及其环境效应[J].土壤学报,2006,43(3):493-499.
[3] 熊汉锋,王运华.湿地碳氮磷的生物地球化学循环研究进展[J].土壤通报,2005,36(2):240-243.
[4] 宋会兴,苏智先,彭远英.山地土壤肥力与植物群落次生演替关系研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1531-1533.
[5] 刘忠宽,汪诗平,陈佐忠,等.不同放牧强度草原休牧后土壤养分和植物群落变化特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(6):2048-2056.
[6] 王树起,韩晓增,乔云发.根系分泌物的化感作用及其对土壤微生物的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1219-1226.
[7] 李娇,蒋先敏,尹华军,等.不同林龄云杉人工林的根系分泌物与土壤微生物[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):325-332.
[8] 吴建峰,林先贵.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用[J].土壤,2003,35(1):18-21.
[9] 钟文辉,蔡祖聪.土壤管理措施及环境因素对土壤微生物多样性影响研究进展[J].生物多样性,2004,12(4):456-465.
[10] 俞慎,何振立,黄昌勇.重金属胁迫下土壤微生物和微生物过程研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(4):618-622.
[11] 傅伯杰,郭旭东,陈利顶,等.土地利用变化与土壤养分的变化:以河北省遵化县为例[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):926-931.
[12] 王洪杰,史学正,李宪文,等.小流域尺度土壤养分的空间分布特征及其与土地利用的关系[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):15-18.
[13] 刘全友,童依平.北方农牧交错带土地利用类型对土壤养分分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1849-1852.
[14] 孔祥斌,张凤荣,王茹,等.城乡交错带土地利用变化对土壤养分的影响:以北京市大兴区为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(2):213-221.
[15] 王合玲,张辉国,秦璐,等.新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):4969-4980.
[16] 张雪妮,吕光辉,贡璐,等.新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区不同土壤类型无机碳分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1084-1090.
[17] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18] 王洪杰,李宪文,史学正,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布及其与土壤颗粒组成关系[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):44-46.
[19] 党亚爱,李世清,王国栋,等.黄土高原典型土壤剖面土壤颗粒组成分形特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):74-78.
[20] 张世熔,黄元仿,李保国.冲积平原区土壤颗粒组成的趋势效应与异向性特征[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(1):56-60.
[21] 刘付程,史学正,王洪杰,等.苏南典型地区土壤锌的空间分布特征及其与土壤颗粒组成的关系[J].土壤,2003,35(4):330-333.
[22] 冯娜娜,李廷轩,张锡洲,等.不同尺度下低山茶园土壤颗粒组成空间变异性特征[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):123-128.
[23] 姚槐应,何振立,陈国潮,等.红壤微生物量在土壤-黑麦草系统中的肥力意义[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(6):725-728.
[24] 曾路生,廖敏,黄昌勇,等.镉污染对水稻土微生物量,酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2162-2167.
相似文献/References:
[1]沈艳,傅瓦利,蓝家程,等.岩溶山地不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳的分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):1.
SHEN Yan,FU Wa-li,LAN Jia-cheng,et al.Distribution Characteristics of Soil Particulate Organic Carbon and Mineral-associated Organic Carbon of Different Land Use in Karst Mountain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):1.
[2]李品荣,孟广涛,李国昌.不同土地利用方式下土壤地力变化和水土流失状况研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(03):95.
LI Pin-rong,MENG Guang-tao,LI Guo-chang.Study on Land Capacity Change and Soil Erosion on Different Landuse Types[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(06):95.
[3]何学敏,吕光辉,秦璐,等.艾比湖地区典型乔灌群落水盐胁迫下土壤重金属对酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):94.
HE Xue-min,LV Guang-hui,QIN Lu,et al.Effects of Heavy Metals on Soil Enzyme Activities in Typical Arbor-shrub Communities under the Different Water and Salt Conditions in Ebinur Lake Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):94.
[4]阳利永,吴献花,赵斌,等.滇池柴河流域不同土地利用方式土壤养分剖面分异[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):95.
YANG Li-yong,WU Xian-hua,ZHAO Bin,et al.Effects of Different Land Uses on Profile Variability of Soil Nutrients in Chaihe Basin of Dianchi Lake[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):95.
[5]夏江宝,杨吉华,李红云.不同外界条件下土壤入渗性能的研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(02):115.
XIA Jiang-bao,YANG Ji-hua,LI Hong-yun.The Research of Soil Infiltration in Different Outside Factors[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(06):115.
[6]刘梦云,安韶山,常庆瑞,等.宁南山区不同土地利用方式土壤质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(03):35.
LIU Meng-yun,AN Shao-shan,CHANG Qing-rui,et al.Soil Quality Evaluation Under Different Land Use in Southern Ningxia Mountain Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(06):35.
[7]刘梦云,安韶山,常庆瑞.宁南山区不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(03):47.
LIU Meng-yun,AN Shao-shan,CHANG Qing-rui.Features of Soil Organic Carbon Under Different Land Use in Mountain Area of Southern Ningxia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(06):47.
[8]李裕元.坡地磷素迁移研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(05):1.
LI Yu-yuan.Review of Study on Phosphorus Transport on Slope Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(06):1.
[9]温明霞,邵明安,周蓓蓓.马家塔露天煤矿复垦区不同土地利用类型的土壤水分入渗过程研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(04):170.
WEN Ming-xia,SHAO Ming-an,ZHOU Bei-bei.Study on Soil Water Infiltration Processes in Different Land Use Types in Majiata Reclaimed Regions[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(06):170.
[10]满建利,姜成,彭红霞,等.降雨因素和不同土地利用方式对水土流失的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(01):31.
MAN Jian-li,JIANG Cheng,PENG Hong-xia,et al.Effect of Rainfall Factors and Different Ways of Using Land on Soil Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):31.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-03-10;改回日期:2017-03-24。
作者简介:张晓东(1980-),男,重庆开县人,硕士研究生,讲师,主要从事土壤修复研究。E-mail:xiaodong_zhangxj@163.com