WEN Qian,MENG Tianxing,YUN Yuhan.Temporal and Spatial Variation and Match Pattern of Agricultural Land and Water Resources in Hen’an Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(05):233-239.
河南省农业水土资源时空分异与匹配格局
- Title:
- Temporal and Spatial Variation and Match Pattern of Agricultural Land and Water Resources in Hen’an Province
- Keywords:
- agricultural; land and water resources; matching coefficient; temporal and spatial distribution difference; He’nan Province
- 分类号:
- F323.2
- 摘要:
- 水土资源是人类生产、生活的核心资源，其空间分布对区域粮食生产和耕地可持续利用有重要影响。河南省是我国重要的粮食主产区，为了解河南省水土资源的空间分布与匹配状况，在构建农业水土资源匹配模型的基础上，对河南省18个地市1999—2013年水土资源时空匹配程度进行了分析评价。结果表明：（1）研究期内，河南省耕地面积增加了19%，净增131.3万hm2，农业用水比重降低了13%、净减少23.8亿m3；河南省耕地资源优势明显，而水资源匮乏；水土资源数量不匹配。（2）河南省水资源主要分布在河南省北部和南部，耕地资源主要分布在河南省东部和南部，水土资源空间不匹配。（3）河南省水土资源匹配系数为0.21万m3/hm2，仅为全国平均水平（0.56万m3/hm2）的38%；研究期内河南省水土资源匹配系数降低了25%。（4）河南省水土资源匹配空间差异显著，呈现出“北部最优、南部东部优于中部和西部”的格局。全省76%耕地水土资源匹配程度为“较差”（0.33 < R≤0.50）或“极差”（0.09 < R≤0.15），仅有6%的耕地水土资源匹配程度“较优”（0.33 < R≤0.50）。水资源是河南省农业的主要限制因子，全面加强水利基础设施建设、加强节水农业技术综合运用、优化农业水土资源配置是提高河南省水土资源匹配程度，保障粮食生产的重要途径。
- Abstract:
- Water and land resources are the core resources for human being, and their spatial distributions have the significant impact on regional grain production and sustainable utilization of cultivated land. He’nan Province is one of major grain product areas in China. We aimed to reveal the spatial matching status of water and land resource of 18 cities in He’nan Province from 1999 to 2013 by using water and soil resources matching model. The results showed that: (1) the cultivated land was 19% higher in 2013 than in 1999, and the water consumption for agricultural was 13% lower in 1999 compared with 2013; He’nan Province was rich in cultivated land, while water resource was relatively poor, so the water and soil resources were mismatched; (2) There was a spatial mismatch between water and land resources, the southern and eastern He’nan had major cultivated land, however, the northern and southern He’nan had major water resources; (3) the matching coefficient of water and land resources was 2.1×103 m3/hm2, which was far below the national average level (5.6×103 m3/hm2); (4) the matching level gradually deteriorated from the northern and southern boundaries of He’nan to the middle of the area, north He’nan was optimal and east and west He’nan took the middle place which was better than central and west He’nan. For water and land resources matching conditions, only 6% of He’nan covered the good level while 76% of He’nan showed poor level or even poorer. Therefore, the shortage of water resources was the main limiting factor for the agriculture development in He’nan Province. To against the distinct regional diversity of water and land resources, constructing water conservancy works, comprehensive agricultural water saving technology and optimizing water distribution should be involved and applied.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-07-25;改回日期:2016-09-01。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（40901120）；河南省自然科学基金（152300410075）
作者简介:文倩(1974-),女,辽宁本溪人,副教授,博士,主要从事区域土地资源利用与可持续发展研究。E-mail:wenqian23@163.com