FENG Jianmin,GUO Lingxia,LI Xiaohua.Analysis of Ecological Vulnerability in Yuyang District Based on Landscape Pattern[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(06):179-184.
基于景观格局的榆阳区生态脆弱性评价
- Title:
- Analysis of Ecological Vulnerability in Yuyang District Based on Landscape Pattern
- Keywords:
- landscape pattern; ecological vulnerability; Yuyang District
- 分类号:
- X826
- 摘要:
- 为了定量评价榆阳区生态脆弱性的空间差异，为区域土地利用规划和环境保护提供依据，选取景观分维数、破碎度、连通性和优势度4个景观格局指数，以及人类活动干扰强度、地形指数、景观与荒地的邻接度，从生态系统压力度、敏感性和恢复力3个方面出发构建生态系统脆弱度评价模型，对榆阳区主要的生态系统及各乡镇的生态脆弱性进行了综合定量的分析和评价。结果表明：各生态系统中，水体的生态脆弱性最高，为0.319 3，草地和林地次之，分别为0.095 9，0.068 4，耕地最低，为0.047 4；24个乡镇中，小纪汗乡、榆阳镇、鱼河镇和鱼河峁镇最高，分别为0.056 6，0.058 8，0.057 5，0.059 9，岔河则乡最低，为0.019 8；空间上，生态脆弱性由中部向东、西两个方向逐渐减弱；从区域上来看，生态脆弱性南部黄土丘陵沟壑区>中部过渡区>风沙草滩区；景观分布格局，地形，矿区、居民点等人为干扰是影响生态脆弱性空间分异的主要原因。
- Abstract:
- In order to quantitatively assess the spatial difference of ecological vulnerability in the Yuyang District of Northern Shaanxi Province, and provide a support for land use planning and environmental projection, an assessment index system was developed from the aspects of ecological supporting pressure, ecosystem sensitivity, and ecological resilience by using landscape fractal dimension, fragmentation, dominance, connectivity, human disturbance intensity, adjacency degrees of landscape with wasteland and topographic index. Then according to the distribution characteristics of rural landscape, the map of ecological vulnerability distribution was made, and spatial difference of the ecological vulnerability was analyzed and assessed. The results showed that:(1) among the various types of ecosystems, water body had the highest ecological vulnerability, followed by the grassland and woodland, while the farmland had the lowest one, with the values of 0.319 3, 0.095 9, 0.068 4 and 0.047 4, respectively; (2) among the entire 24 towns, Xiaojihan, Yuyang, Yuhe and Yuhemao had the highest ecological vulnerability, while Chaheze had the lowest one, with the values of 0.056 6, 0.058 8, 0.057 5, 0.059 9 and 0.019 8, respectively; (3) ecological vulnerability appeared gradually weakening trend from central section to east and west. In the three landform patterns, the southern loess hilly-gully region had the highest ecological vulnerability, followed by the central transition area and northern wind-sandy grass shoal area. The dominant factors affecting the spatial pattern of the regional ecological vulnerability were land use pattern and topography, whereas the major factors inducing spatial heterogeneity of ecological vulnerability were human disturbances such as mining and settlement. In the following land resources exploitation and utilization, more attention should be paid to reduce the disturbance of human activities on the ecological systems, and protect landscape with high vulnerability such as woodland and grassland, thus reduce the vulnerability of the regional ecosystem.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-06-05;改回日期:2015-12-30。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41261040，41661042）；陕西省普通高等学校优势学科建设项目—历史地理学（0602）；陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目（15JK1785）；咸阳师范学院科研计划项目（13XSYK030）
作者简介:封建民(1972-),男,陕西省凤翔县人,博士,副教授,研究方向为环境遥感与土地利用。E-mail:feng_jianmin@aliyun.com