WANG Hongying,GUO Zhongling,WANG Rende,et al.Effect of Different Restoration Measures on Soil Properties in Bashang Area, Hebei Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(05):74-79,84.
河北坝上植被恢复措施对土壤性质的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Different Restoration Measures on Soil Properties in Bashang Area, Hebei Province
- Keywords:
- Bashang area of Hebei Province; vegetation restoration measures; soil properties; sampling analysis
- 分类号:
- S153
- 摘要:
- 从土壤理化性质变化的角度探讨了不同植被恢复措施对当地土壤环境的影响。在河北坝上康保县选取了退耕还林还草、草地围栏封育、草地植树造林等15组样地，对每组样地进行了土样采集分析。结果表明：不同植被恢复措施均能不同程度地改善土壤性质。植被恢复区土壤团聚体稳定性增强，土壤孔隙增多，土壤容重减小；过度放牧则使土壤更加紧实；较高覆盖度荒地和草地能减少地表蒸发，使土壤含水量增加，乔木本身需水量大，发达的表层土壤根系会降低土壤水分；较高植被覆盖度能有效减弱土壤风蚀，但乔木林下植被稀疏、地表裸露和灌木林带间距过宽则会加剧风蚀。在不考虑施肥影响的情况下，植被恢复能不同程度增加土壤有机质、全N和全P含量，且对0—10 cm土壤层的增加效果大于10—20 cm土壤层；耕地由于施肥的影响，退耕后的区域土壤全N和全P含量有所下降。研究表明，对于改善土壤环境，退耕还荒草地、草地围栏封育是当地相对较好的植被恢复措施；灌木林地由于是当地物种，应该多加栽培，但需调整结构，也可结合乔木林种植，增大林下植被盖度，增强防风保土效果。
- Abstract:
- We discussed the effects of different vegetation restoration measures on local soil environment based on the changes of soil physical and chemical properties. We selected 15 sets of sample plots in Kangbao County of Bashang Area, which include the measures of the returning cropland to forest and grassland, enclosing grassland and planting trees on grassland etc. The results from analysis of soil samples show that different vegetation restoration measures can improve soil properties at different degrees. For the restoration plots, the soil aggregates, soil porosity increased while the soil bulk density decreased; overgrazing makes the soil more compact. The abandoned cropland and grassland with higher vegetation coverage could reduce surface evaporation, which can increase soil water content; the root system of the trees inside surface soil would lower the soil moisture because the trees consumed a large amount of water. The higher vegetation coverage could effectively reduce soil erosion by wind, but the sparse vegetation within high trees and the wide gap between the shrub-line would increase the wind erosion. In the absence of fertilization, vegetation restoration could increase the contents of soil organic matter, total N and total P at different degrees, and the effect of the soil layer of 0—10 cm is higher than that of 10—20 cm, the contents of total N and total P in the soil after the conversion of farmland decreased because of excessive fertilization of farmland. The result shows that returning farmland to grassland and enclosing grassland are the better vegetation restoration measures in the local environment; the shrub should be cultivated more because it is the local species, but it should be planted combining with the arbor to increase vegetation coverage in high forest to enhance the windproof efficiency.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-09-16;改回日期:2015-11-11。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（41330746）；河北省科技厅软科学基地重点项目（13454213D）
作者简介:王红营(1988-),女,河南卫辉人,在读硕士,研究方向为灾害防治与水土保持。E-mail:why1988hi@163.com
通讯作者:常春平(1969-),男,河北康保人,教授,硕士生导师,博士,主要从事水土保持、环境评价研究。E-mail:changchunping@126.com