LI Shengping,WANG Kelin.Effect of Human Disturbance on Soil Nutrients and Plant Diversity of Grassland in Karst Mountain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(05):20-27.
人为干扰对桂西北喀斯特山地植被多样性及土壤养分分布的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Human Disturbance on Soil Nutrients and Plant Diversity of Grassland in Karst Mountain
- 分类号:
- S151.9;S152.4
- 摘要:
- 为促进桂西北喀斯特山地草地生态系统的恢复与重建，在连续3年全面调查的基础上，采用Pearson相关系数法和主成分法研究了人为干扰对喀斯特山地草地植被多样性和土壤养分的影响。结果表明：人为干扰对喀斯特山地草地植被多样性具有明显的影响，其中人为干扰显著降低了植被盖度、地上生物量、丰富度指数和多样性指数（p < 0.05），对喀斯特山地草地植被均匀度指数和优势度指数没有显著影响（p > 0.05），说明人为干扰并没有改变物种在生境中的均匀分布和物种发生根本性变化。人为干扰显著增加了土壤容重和pH值（p < 0.05），降低了土壤含水量和土壤电导率，但4种营养元素（碳、氮、磷、钾）的变化幅度不尽一致，具体表现为人为干扰降低了土壤碳、氮和钾含量，但对土壤磷素并没有显著的影响（p > 0.05），从降低幅度来看，土壤有效养分降低幅度高于土壤全量养分，由此表明土壤有效养分较土壤全量养分更为敏感。Pearson相关性分析表明，对于人为干扰区和对照区，影响其植被多样性的土壤环境因子不尽一致，其中土壤养分和有效养分在一定程度上起着主导性的影响作用，通过人为干扰区和对照区的相关性系数可知，人为干扰区域和对照区域土壤养分之间均呈极显著正相关，说明土壤系统内部因子处于动态变化和平衡中，在人为干扰下，它们作为相互作用和影响的有机整体表现出统一性和同步性，并没有改变土壤养分因子之间的互作效应，并且土壤全量养分均与其对应的有效养分呈极显著正相关（p < 0.01），说明其有效养分主要依靠于土壤全量养分。冗余分析的结果显示，对于人为干扰区和对照区，植被与土壤的排序基本没有变化，而人为干扰对土壤养分含量产生了一定的影响，造成二者的RDA排序图不相一致，排序轴可反映喀斯特地区土壤因子的梯度变化特征，表明利用土壤养分作为表征喀斯特山地草地土壤—植被关系的敏感性土壤指示因子是可行的。
- Abstract:
- The successional rule of vegetation and dynamics of soil nutrients elements under human disturbance were studied in Karst mountain grassland for three years, which would promote the degraded ecosystem restoration and reconstruction in northwest Guangxi. We employed overall and sample quad rate investigation method and took the grassland as control (CK), and studied the relationship between the plant diversity and soil nutrients by correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. The results are as follows: (1) The vegetation coverage, aboveground biomass, richness index and diversity index of grassland in Karst mountain significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and human disturbance had no significant effect on evenness index and dominance index, which suggested that human disturbance did not change in fundamental species. (2) The soil bulk density and pH significantly increased (p < 0.05), soil water content and soil electrical conductivity reduced. (3) The soil nutrients were significantly reduced except the soil phosphorus (p < 0.05), indicating that human disturbance had no significant effect on soil phosphorus (p > 0.05). The soil available nutrients were more sensitive to the total soil nutrients which the soil available nutrients had a higher range ability. (4) Correlation analysis showed that the soil environmental factors were different in human disturbance area and CK, suggesting that the soil available nutrients and total soil nutrients played a dominant role. All of the soil nutrients had the significant difference by the correlation coefficient in human disturbance area and CK, which illustrated the uniformity of underground ecosystem such as soil nutrients and other various indicators, and they showed unity and synchronicity as an interaction organic whole. And the soil available nutrients had a significant difference from the the total soil nutrients (p < 0.01), which indicated the soil available nutrients were mainly depended on the total soil nutrients. (5) Redundancy analysis indicated that the change order of plant and soil were the same in human disturbance area and CK, while the human disturbance had an effect on the soil nutrient, and then resulted in the different RDA figure, and the sorting shaft could reflect the characteristics of the gradient soil factors, which showed that using soil nutrients as the sensitivity of soil indicating factors of Karst mountain grassland soil-vegetation relationship was feasible.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-03-23;改回日期:2016-04-01。
基金项目:国家林业局林业软科学项目“中国森林旅游产业理论与实践研究”
作者简介:李胜平(1985-),女,湖南双峰人,博士研究生,研究方向:区域生态及草地生态学。E-mail:Shengping_lee@163.com
通讯作者:王克林(1963-),男,湖北老河口人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事区域生态与农业生态学。E-mail:kelin@isa.ac.cn