WEI Lanying,WEI Qizhong,MO Zhuping,et al.Effects of Different Disturbances on Species Diversity and Productivity of the Shrub-Grass Vegetation on the Degraded Land in Northwest Guangxi, China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(04):288-293,299.
不同干扰方式对桂西北灌草植被物种多样性和生产力的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Disturbances on Species Diversity and Productivity of the Shrub-Grass Vegetation on the Degraded Land in Northwest Guangxi, China
- Keywords:
- disturbance; species diversity; productivity; shrub-grass vegetation; degraded land; Northwest Guangxi
- 分类号:
- Q948
- 摘要:
- 灌草植被在生态系统功能的维持中发挥着重要作用，不同的干扰方式可能改变退化土地灌草植被的多样性及其分布格局，甚至多样性与生产力的关系。以未受干扰的植被作为对照，研究放牧和火烧两种主要干扰对桂西北灌草植被的物种多样性和生产力的影响，并分析了两者之间的关系。结果表明：放牧和火烧处理均降低了灌木的物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数，但放牧处理的均匀度指数与对照相比无显著差异，火烧处理反而显著增加了其均匀度指数。对草本而言，放牧不影响物种丰富度指数，但显著降低了Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数；火烧显著降低了物种丰富度指数，但不影响Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数。与对照相比，放牧和火烧均降低了灌木的地上和地下部分生物量，但两者对草本的地上和地下生物量却产生了正面影响或无影响。此外，这两种干扰方式对灌木和草本多样性与生产力间关系的影响具有不一致性。
- Abstract:
- Shrub-grass vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the functions of ecosystems. On degraded lands, different disturbances might alter species diversity and distribution pattern of shrub-grass vegetation, and even the relationship between plant species diversity and productivity. However, our knowledge of the consequences of these effects on diversity and composition of ground flora remains very poor. In this study, we examined the species diversity, productivity and the relationship between diversity and productivity in undisturbed, grazing and fire vegetation of northwest Guangxi. It’s found that shrubs exhibited lower species richness and Shannon-Wiener index under both grazing and fire treatments than those of the undisturbed site. Moreover, compared with undisturbed treatment, the evenness index of shrubs differed insignificantly under grazing treatment, while it’s reduced by fire treatment. With respect to grass species, grazing had no influence on their diversity, but it did reduce the Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index distinctly. On the contrary, fire treatment decreased the grass species diversity, whereas it showed little effect on the Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index. In addition, the relationship between species diversity and productivity of shrubs and grasses was also affected inconsistently by grazing and fire treatment.
参考文献/References:
[1] Keeley J E, Lubin D, Fotheringham C J. Fire and grazing impacts on plant diversity and alien plant invasions in the southern Sierra Nevada[J]. Ecological Applications,2003,13(5):1355-1374.
[2] Hooper D U, Chapin F S, Ewel J J, et al. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning:a consensus of current knowledge[J]. Ecological Monographs,2005,75(1):3-35.
[3] Bond E M, Chase J M. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning at local and regional spatial scales[J]. Ecology Letters,2002,5(4):467-470.
[4] Tilman D, Wedin D, Knops J. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems[J]. Nature,1996,379(6567):718-720.
[5] Tilman D. Distinguishing between the effects of species diversity and species composition[J]. Oikos,1997,80(1):185.
[6] Tilman D, Knops J, Wedin D, et al. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes[J]. Science,1997,277(5330):1300-1302.
[7] Grime J P. Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems:immediate, filter and founder effects[J]. Journal of Ecology,1998,86(6):902-910.
[8] Spehn E M, Hector A, Joshi J, et al. Ecosystem effects of biodiversity manipulations in European grasslands[J]. Ecological Monographs,2005,75(1):37-63.
[9] Pi?eiro-Guerra J M, Fagúndez-Pachón C, Oesterheld M, et al. Biodiversity-productivity relationship in ponds:Community and metacommunity patterns along time and environmental gradients[J]. Austral. Ecology,2014,39(7):808-818.
[10] 高本强,袁自强,王斌先等.施肥和刈割对亚高山草甸物种多样性与生产力及其关系的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(5):417-424.
[11] 张全国,张大勇.生物多样性与生态系统功能:最新的进展与动向[J].生物多样性,2003,11(5):351-361.
[12] 杜国祯,覃光莲,李自珍等.高寒草甸植物群落中物种丰富度与生产力的关系研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(1):125-132.
[13] Heisler J L, Briggs J, Knapp A. Long-term patterns of shrub expansion in a C4-dominated grassland:fire frequency and the dynamics of shrub cover and abundance[J]. American Journal of Botany,2003,90(3):423-428.
[14] Bai Y F, Wu J G, Pan Q M et al. Positive linear relationship between productivity and diversity:evidence from the Eurasian Steppe[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,44(5):1023-1034.
[15] Oesterheld M, Semmartin M. Impact of grazing on species composition:Adding complexity to a generalized model[J]. Austral Ecology,2011,36(8):881-890.
[16] Lezama F, Baeza S, Altesor A, et al. Variation of grazing-induced vegetation changes across a large-scale productivity gradient[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science,2014,25(1):8-21.
[17] Chaneton E J, Perelman S B, Omacini M, et al. Grazing, environmental heterogeneity, and alien plant invasions in temperate Pampa grasslands[J]. Biological Invasions,2002,4(1/2):7-24.
[18] 毛志宏,朱教君.干扰对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2695-2701.
[19] 马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法.Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[20] Veen G F, de Vries S, Bakker ES, et al Grazing-induced changes in plant-soil feedback alter plant biomass allocation[J]. Oikos,2014,123(7):800-806.
[21] Santana V M, Alday J G, Baeza M J. Effects of fire regime shift in Mediterranean Basin ecosystems:changes in soil seed bank composition among functional types[J]. Plant Ecology,2014,215(5):555-566.
[22] Schultz N L, Morgan J W, Lunt I D. Effects of grazing exclusion on plant species richness and phytomass accumulation vary across a regional productivity gradient[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science,2011,22(1):130-142.
[23] Salazar A, Goldstein G. Effects of Fire on Seedling Diversity and Plant Reproduction (Sexual vs. Vegetative) in Neotropical Savannas Differing in Tree Density[J]. Biotropica,2014,46(2):139-147.
[24] Ebrahimi S S, Pourbabaei H, Potheir D, et al. Effect of livestock grazing and human uses on herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests, Guilan, Masal, northern Iran[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(2):455-462.
[25] Aikens M L, Ellum D, Ellum D, et al. The effects of disturbance intensity on temporal and spatial patterns of herb colonization in a southern New England mixed-oak forest[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2007,252(1/3):144-158.
[26] Takala T, Tahvanainen T, Kouki J. Grazing promotes bryophyte species richness in semi-natural grasslands[J]. Ann. Bot. Fennici,2014,51(3):148-160.
[27] 刘玲玲,吴兆录,李青,等.滇西北藏族地区不同管理方式的草地生物量的比较研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1409-1412.
[28] Medina-Roldán E, Paz-Ferreiro J, Bardgett R D. Grazing-induced effects on soil properties modify plant competitive interactions in semi-natural mountain grasslands[J]. Oecologia,2012,170(1):159-169.
[29] Silva da D M, Batalha M A. Soil-vegetation relationships in Cerrados under differ-ent fire frequencies[J]. Plant Soil,2008,311(1/2):87-96.
[30] Stephan K, Miller M, Dickinson M B. First-order fire effects on herbsand shrubs:present knowledge and process modeling needs[J]. Fire Ecology,2010,6(1):95-114.
[31] Nayak R R, Vaidyanathan S, Krishnaswamy J. Fire and grazing modify grass community response to environmental determinants in savannas:Implications for sustainable use[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2014,185:197-207.
[32] 漆良华,彭镇华,张旭东,等.退化土地植被恢复群落物种多样性与生物量分配格局[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(11):1697-1702.
[33] 王长庭,龙瑞军,王启基,等.高寒草甸不同草地群落物种多样性与生产力关系研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(5):483-487.
[34] 袁自强,魏盼盼,高本强,等.取样尺度对亚高寒草甸物种多样性与生产力关系的影响[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(12):1248-1255.
[35] Komac B, Domènech M, Fanlo R. Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and pasture quality insubalpine grasslands in the eastern Pyrenees(Andorra):Implications for conservation[J]. Journal for Nature Conservation,2014,22(3):247-255.
[36] Cingolani A M, Noy-Meir I, Díaz S. Grazing effects on rangeland diversity:A synthesis of contemporary models[J]. Ecological Application,2005,15(2):757-775.
相似文献/References:
[1]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(06):45.
YANG Bingxun,LIU Quan,WANG Bin.Relationships Between Soil Nutrients, Soil Enzyme Activity and Plant Diversity of Different Types of in Jialing River Basin, Sichuan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(04):45.
[2]黄民麟,郑秀锦,陈晶萍,等.官陂草子坝小流域森林景观多样性评价[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(01):113.
HUANG Min-lin,ZHENG Xiu-jin,CHEN Jing-ping,et al.Evaluation on Diversified Forest Scenery of Caoziba Watershed in Guanbei[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):113.
[3]梁大庆,张俊斌,曾郁珊.坡地植生景观生态系统之异质性与多样性研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(06):163.
LIANG Da-qing,ZHANG Jun-bin,ZENG Yu-shan.Study on Heterogeneity and Diversity of Landscape Ecosystem for Slopeland Vegetation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(04):163.
[4]白文娟,焦菊英.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地主要自然恢复植物群落的多样性分析[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(03):140.
BAI Wen-juan,JIAO Ju-ying.Analyses on Diversity of Primary Natural Restoration Vegetation Communities in Abandoned Croplands in the Hilly-gulled Region of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):140.
[5]杨俊杰,张克斌,乔锋,等.盐池县四儿滩湿地及其周边植物多样性研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(05):61.
YANG Jun-jie,ZHANG Ke-bin,QIAO Feng,et al.Study on Vegetation Diversity of Siertan Wetland and Its Surroundings in Yanchi County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):61.
[6]王博,丁国栋,马士龙,等.毛乌素沙地人工种植羊柴生长状况及其对流沙的固定效果[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(02):11.
WANG Bo,DING Guo-dong,MA Shi-long,et al.Growth Condition and Its Sand-fixing Effects of Artificial Cultivated HedysarumMaxim in Maowusu Sandy Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(04):11.
[7]裴钻,蔡国军.某水电站右岸猴子坡稳定性分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(02):318.
PEI Zuan,CAI Guo-jun.Stability Analysis of Monkey Slope for a Hydropower Station[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(04):318.
[8]卢晓杰,张克斌,李瑞.北方农牧交错带生物结皮的主要影响因子探讨[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(06):1.
LU Xiao-jie,ZHANG Ke-bin,LI Rui.The Study on Main Factor about Influence of the Living Beings Form Covers in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of the North Interlocks[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(04):1.
[9]张晓艳,王百田,魏天兴,等.晋西黄土区侵蚀沟坡面植被群落特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(03):211.
ZHANG Xiao-yan,WANG Bai-tian,WEI Tian-xing,et al.Vegetation Community Feature of Erosion Gully in Western Shanxi of Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(04):211.
[10]何京丽,珊丹,梁占岐,等.气候变化对内蒙古草甸草原植物群落特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(05):131.
HE Jing-li,SHAN Dan,LIANG Zhan-qi,et al.Effects of Climate Change on Meadow Grassland Community in Inner Mongolia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(04):131.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-10-16;改回日期:2015-11-20。
基金项目:广西自然科学基金项目（桂财教[2015]139号；广西“新世纪十百千人才工程”专项基金（桂人社办〔2012〕第92号）；广西林业科技项目（桂林科字〔2014〕第21号）
作者简介:韦兰英(1980-),女,广西桂林人,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为植物生态学。E-mail:weilanyingccn@163.com
通讯作者:韦启忠(1964-),男,广西上林人,学士,高级工程师,研究方向为林业调查规划。E-mail:wqz1978@sina.com