QIN Fang,HE Tieguang,SU Lirong,et al.Study on Runoff and Nutrient Losses of Soils on Sloping Land in Wet Season in Southern China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):19-22,27.
南方旱坡地土壤雨季径流量与养分流失的研究
- Title:
- Study on Runoff and Nutrient Losses of Soils on Sloping Land in Wet Season in Southern China
- Keywords:
- nutrient; runoff; fertilization; sugarcane leaf cover
- 分类号:
- S152.4
- 摘要:
- 在广西旱坡耕地进行径流小区试验，研究不同施肥和种植经营模式对养分径流总量，氮、磷、钾流失率，甘蔗养分利用率的影响，筛选南方旱坡地甘蔗养分流失率低经营模式。结果表明：不施肥的甘蔗对照（CK）处理的径流水总量、总氮、铵态氮、总磷、总钾流失总量最大，分别为724.65 t/hm2，3.70 kg/hm2，1.26 kg/hm2，0.62 kg/hm2，3.36 kg/hm2。60%的甘蔗常规施肥（SF60%）施用、甘蔗常规施肥+蔗叶覆盖（SF+H）、甘蔗常规施肥+套种花生+蔗叶覆盖（SF+T+H）处理与甘蔗常规施肥（SF）处理相比，减少了N，P，K养分流失量。甘蔗常规施肥+蔗叶覆盖（SF+H）处理比甘蔗常规施肥（SF）处理的N，P，K流失率分别降低了82.54%，64.29%，20.00%。甘蔗常规施肥+蔗叶覆盖（SF+H）处理比甘蔗常规施肥（SF）处理的N，P，K利用率分别提高了56.73%，38.78%，7.87%。径流量、铵态氮与氮肥投入总量、磷肥投入总量、钾肥投入总量均呈极显著负相关（p < 0.01）。甘蔗常规施肥+蔗叶覆盖（SF+H），甘蔗常规施肥+套种花生+蔗叶覆盖（SF+T+H）处理与甘蔗常规施肥（SF）处理相比，能减少养分流失量和流失率，还提高甘蔗的养分利用率，是适合南方旱坡耕地推广的两种经营模式。
- Abstract:
- An experiment on runoff plots on dry slope in Guangxi was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments and planting management modes on runoff amount/loss rate of N,P,K and nutrient use efficiency, and screen a planting management mode with low nutrient loss rate and high nutrient use efficiency. The results showed that the greatest loss amounts of runoff, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in (CK) treatment were 724.65 t/hm2, 3.70 kg/hm2, 1.26 kg/hm2,0.62 kg/hm2, 3.36 kg/hm2, respectively, which were much higher than those in the other treatments. Compared with (SF) treatment, the runoff losses of N, P, K in (SF60%), (SF+H), (SF+T+H) treatments reduced. Lower N, P, K loss rates were 82.54%, 64.29%, 20.00%, respectively, and N, P, K use efficiencies of in (SF+H) treatment were 56.73%, 38.78%, 7.87% higher than those in (SF) treatment. A negative significant partial correlation was found between runoff, ammonium and the total investment of N fertilizer, P fertilizer, K fertilizer. Compared with (SF) treatment, the amount and rate of nutrient runoff loss in (SF+H) treatment and (SF+T+H)treatment declined, also improved for nutrient use efficiency of sugarcane, so two kinds of management patterns were suitable for dry slope land of southern China promotion.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-02-26;改回日期:2015-05-06。
基金项目:广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目（桂科合1298014-18）；2014年度国家级引进国外技术、管理人才项目（S20144500063）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2012YZ24）；广西农业科学院公益性维持费项目（桂农科2013GW09）
作者简介:秦芳(1975-),女(壮族),广西兴安人,硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为植物营养与环境生态等方面的研究。E-mail:qingfang0303@163.com
通讯作者:何铁光(1976-),男,湖南桂阳人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为环境生态。E-mail:tghe118@163.com