WANG Yajun,XU Liping,GUO Peng,et al.Analysis on Melting Snow and Ice Cover in Manas Mountain River Basin During the Period form 1977 to 2013[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(06):208-212,218.
1977-2013年玛河流域山区冰雪覆被消融态势分析
- Title:
- Analysis on Melting Snow and Ice Cover in Manas Mountain River Basin During the Period form 1977 to 2013
- Keywords:
- ice and snow cover; Manas River basin; melt; situation
- 分类号:
- P331
- 摘要:
- 对1977年MSS，1990年、2000年和2013年TM影像采用监督分类最大似然法区分冰雪与其他地物，探测冰雪面积及储量变化趋势，结合梯度、坡度、坡向等分析其分布规律。结果表明：（1）时间上：1977—2013年玛河流域山区冰雪面积从3 125.63 km2减少到745.81 km2，总退缩面积为2 379.82 km2，占1977年冰雪总面积76.14%。其中1977—1990年，年均变化率为1.6%，1990—2000年为2.9%，近13 a为2.0%，总体上呈“小—大—小”趋势退缩；玛河流域山区冰雪储量减少明显，减少量为1 446.75 km3。（2）空间上：海拔≤2 700 m的梯度冰雪消减最快，速率达到25.55 km/a，其次是海拔2 700～3 600 m，消减速率达到23.44 km/a，最后是海拔3 600～5 242 m的消减速率，仅为17.11 km/a；坡向上，冰雪分布阴坡大于阳坡，北坡、东北、西北坡分布最多，东坡、西坡次之，南坡、东南坡、西南坡最少，但不同坡向分布的冰雪百分比没有明显变化；坡度上，冰雪主要分布在坡度0°~50°，所占比例超过95%，≥50°雪盖分布较少。（3）控制冰雪变化的主要两个因素是夏季均温和年降水量，其中夏季气温对冰川的消融量起决定作用，年降水则影响冰川的积累量，冰雪覆被消融态势随自然因素和人类活动影响进一步加剧。
- Abstract:
- Based on the 1977 MSS, 1990, 2000 and 2013 TM images, the Maximum likelihood supervised classification method is used to distinguish between ice and other features, detection of ice and snow area and reserves change trend and to analyze its distribution pattern by combining with the gradient, aspect, slope. The results show that: (1) in time series, mountain snow and ice area reduced to 745.81 km2 from 3 125.63 km2 in Manas river basin during the period from 1977 to 2013, the total withdrawal covers area was 2 379.82 km2, accounting for 76.14% of the total area in 1977, with an average annual rate of 1.6% from 1977 to 1990, it was 2.9% from 1990 to 2000, and it was 2.0% in recent 13 years, the overall pattern showed a trend of “small-big-small” retreat; snow and ice reserves obviously decreased by 1 446.75 km3 in mountain of Manas River basin; (2) In spatial series: the fastest reduce gradient of snow and ice occurred at altitude of 2 700 m or less, with the rate of 25.55 km/a, followed by an elevation of 2 700~3 600 m, with the reduction rate of 23.44 km/a, the least cut rate occuured an elevation of 3 600~5 242 m, only with the rate of 17.11 km/a, with respect to slope aspect, the snow and ice distribution was bigger on shady slope than the sunny slope, it on is more north aspect, northeast aspect, northwest aspects than east aspect, and west aspect, and it is the least on the southern aspect, southeast, southwest aspects, but they did not change obviously between different aspects in percentage of ice and snow, with regard to slope gradients, snow and ice mainly distributed in gradients between 0°～50°, the proportion is more than 95%, and distribution is less under the gradient ≥50°; (3) temperature and annual precipitation are two main factors controling the changes of snow and ice, the summer temperature determines the melting of glaciers, and annual precipitation affects the accumulation of glaciers. The natural factors and human activities will course a further effect on the intensify of the melt.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2014-11-30;改回日期:2015-01-05。
基金项目:石河子大学科学技术研究发展计划项目（2011ZRKXTD-0505）；国家自然科学基金项目（41361025）
作者简介:王雅君(1992-),女,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向:景观生态学。E-mail:yajun9205@163.com
通讯作者:徐丽萍(1978-),女,新疆库尔勒人,副教授,研究方向:土地覆被变化与景观生态。E-mail:xlpalw@sina.com