JIANG Guantao,GAO Peng,MU Xingmin,et al.Effect of Conversion of Farmland to Forestland or Grassland on the Change in Runoff and Sediment in the Upper Reaches of Beiluo River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(06):1-6.
退耕还林(草)对北洛河上游水沙变化的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Conversion of Farmland to Forestland or Grassland on the Change in Runoff and Sediment in the Upper Reaches of Beiluo River
- Keywords:
- conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland; change in runoff and sediment; change point analysis; the upper reaches of the Beiluo River
- 分类号:
- P333
- 摘要:
- 为探究黄土高原地区退耕还林（草）政策的水沙响应问题，以植被恢复较好的北洛河上游为研究区域，根据其控制站吴起水文站1971—2010年4—10月实测水沙资料，定量分析降水量、径流量和输沙量三个水文要素的变化趋势和发生突变的年份。结果表明：1971—2010年，降水量并未发生显著的趋势性变化，径流量和输沙量呈显著减小趋势；综合四种突变点检验方法结果，并结合水土保持措施资料，确定径流量和输沙量的突变年份为2002年；利用双累积曲线定量分析降水和以退耕还林（草）为主的人类活动对径流量与输沙量的影响，相对于1971—2002年，2003—2010年降水和人类活动对径流量的影响程度分别为70.8%和29.2%，对输沙量的影响程度分别为34.0%和66.0%。植被的减沙作用明显大于减水作用，以退耕还林（草）为主的人类活动是北洛河上游流域泥沙减少的主要驱动力。
- Abstract:
- Grain for Green Program launched since 1999 has resulted in a great vegetation restoration in the upper reaches of the Beiluo River on the Loess Plateau, China, which fundamentally influenced hydrological cycle and sediment transportation. The objectives of this work are to quantify the change trend and identify change points of precipitation, runoff and sediment load through April to October from 1971 to 2010. The result showed that a significant downward trend in the runoff and sediment and no significant trend in the precipitation were found during the period of record; combined with the data of the measures of soil and water conservation, the analysis of four kinds of change points revealed that mutations of runoff and sediment emerged in 2002; the double accumulative curve was applied to quantitatively analyze the effect of precipitation and human activities. Taking the period from 1971 to 2002 as the base span, we obtained that the rates of contribution of precipitation and human activities to the reduced runoff accounted for 70.8% and 29.2%, respectively; the rates of contribution of precipitation and human activities to the decreased sediment were 34.0% and 66.0%, respectively, in the period from 2003 to 2010. Compared to former periods, conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland in the study area was expected to be the driven factor to the decrease of sediment transportation.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2014-11-06;改回日期:2015-01-05。
基金项目:国家自然基金（41371277）；中国科学院重点部署项目（KZZD-EW-04-03）
作者简介:蒋观滔(1990-),男,湖北黄梅人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水土保持和流域生态水文。E-mail:guantaojiang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
通讯作者:高鹏(1976-),男,陕西扶风人,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为水土保持和流域生态水文。E-mail:gaopeng@ms.iswc.ac.cn