[1]赵佐平,同延安,刘智峰,等.陕西省果园磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(05):25-29.
　ZHAO Zuoping,TONG Yanan,LIU Zhifeng,et al.Analysis of Phosphorus Inputs and Phosphorus Load Risk in Major Orchard Regions of Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(05):25-29.
点击复制

陕西省果园磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 22 期数: 2015年05期 页码: 25-29 栏目: 出版日期: 2015-10-28
Title:
Analysis of Phosphorus Inputs and Phosphorus Load Risk in Major Orchard Regions of Shaanxi Province
作者:
赵佐平1,2, 同延安2, 刘智峰1,2, 段敏1, 李琛1, 王彦民1
1. 陕西理工学院, 陕西 汉中 723001;
2. 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
ZHAO Zuoping1,2, TONG Yanan2, LIU Zhifeng1,2, DUAN Min1, LI Chen1, WANG Yanmin1
1. Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China;
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
果园; 磷素投入; 磷负荷; 风险分析; 陕西省
Keywords:
orchards; phosphorus inputs; phosphorus load; risk analysis; Shaanxi Province
分类号:
X147.2
摘要:
以陕西果园调查数据为基础，采用盈余法从果树种类和区域尺度分析果园生产体系中的磷素输入输出特点及盈余状况。结果表明：陕西果园磷肥投入过量与不足并存，调查中55.8%果园施肥处于过量，不足占27.8%。化学磷肥平均投入量为366.1 kg/hm2，通过有机肥投入的磷仅为72.8 kg/hm2。果园土壤磷盈余与亏缺并存，80.3%的果园处于盈余，其盈余量超过300 kg/hm2，占43.1%。19.7%的果园处于亏缺，平均亏缺量为-25.8 kg/hm2。不同类型果园比较，猕猴桃果园盈余量较高，为472.3 kg/hm2，而葡萄园和苹果园盈余量分别为365.9 kg/hm2，355.6 kg/hm2。不同区域比较，关中灌区盈余量（351.8 kg/hm2）高于渭北旱塬（315.5 kg/hm2）。调查区果园磷肥的不合理投入将会给果园土壤环境带来较大的环境负荷。
Abstract:
Accurate information about current soil nutrient concentrations in orchards is necessary for making recommendations about future fertilizer application rates. Additional information is needed about the amount of soil P surplus in the orchards of Shaanxi Province, which is the main apple and kiwi production region in China. Analysis of P inputs and P loading is important for P management in orchards. The objective of this study was to quantify both the P application rates and the amount of surplus P in orchards in Shaanxi Province. The information was collected from farmer interviews and an agricultural statistics database. The data were analyzed using the P balance method. The results showed that P fertilizer application had the excess and deficiency phenomenon. The P fertilizer application rates averaged 366.1 kg/hm2 among the orchards surveyed in this study. Manure application accounted for 72.8 kg P2 O5/hm2, nearly 20% of the orchards existed phosphorus deficiency, more than 80% of the orchards had phosphorus surplus. Nearly, 43.1% of the orchards had a phosphorus surplus of more than 300 kg P2 O5/hm2. Among the different kinds of orchards, kiwi orchards had the highest rate of surplus phosphorus 472.3 kg P2 O5/hm2, the grape orchards and apple orchards had the rates of phosphorus surplus of 365.9, 355.6 kg P2 O5/hm2, respectively. In irrigated areas of central Shaanxi Province, the P2 O5 surplus averaged 351.8 kg/hm2 which was greater than the surplus amount in the Weibei rainfed region. High phosphorus inputs to orchards in some regions of Shaanxi Province led to high phosphorus loading, which will increase environmental risks in the region.

参考文献/References:

[1] 刘侯俊,巨晓棠,同延安,等.陕西省主要果树的施肥现状及存在问题[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):38-44.
[2] 曹宁,曲东,陈新平,等.东北地区农田土壤氮、磷平衡及其对面源污染的贡献分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(7):127-133.
[3] 张燕,高翔,张洪.无锡各地农业活动对太湖总磷总氮的影响识别[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(6):37-43.
[4] 黄玉洁,张银龙,李海东,等.太湖人工恢复湿地区植物群落建植对沉积物中氮、磷空间分布的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):161-165.
[5] 方玉东,封志明,胡业翠,等.基于GIS技术的中国农田氮素养分收支平衡研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):35-41.
[6] 李贵美,彭福田,肖元松,等.鲁中山区桃园土壤养分状况评价与氮磷负荷风险研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42((3):392-400.
[7] 卢树昌,陈清,张福锁,等.河北省果园主要分布区土壤磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3149-3157.
[8] 卢树昌,陈清,张福锁,等.河北省果园氮素投入特点及其土壤氮素负荷分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(5):858-865.
[9] 张维理,徐爱国,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅲ:中国农业面源污染控制中存在问题分析[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1026-1033.
[10] 赵佐平,同延安,刘芬,等.长期不同施肥处理对苹果产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3091-3098.
[11] 赵佐平,闫莎,刘芬,等.陕西果园主要分布区氮素投入特点及氮负荷风险分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5642-5649.
[12] 张玉星.果树栽培学各论[M].北京:中国农业科学出版社,2006.
[13] 樊红柱,同延安,赵营,等.苹果树体磷素动态规律与施肥管理[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(1):73-77.
[14] 王建,同延安,高义民.关中地区猕猴桃树体周年磷素需量动态规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(6):119-123.
[15] 马文娟,同延安,高义民,等.葡萄树主要生长期内磷素吸收及累积规律[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(9):89-94.
[16] 姜远茂,张宏彦,张福锁.北方落叶果树养分资源综合管理理论与实践[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[17] 赵佐平,同延安,刘芬,等.渭北旱塬苹果园施肥现状分析评估[J].中国农业生态学报,2012,20(8):1130-1138.
[18] 高义民,同延安,路永莉,等.长期施用氮磷钾肥对黄土高原地区苹果产量及土壤养分累积与分布的影响[J].果树学报,2012.29(3):322-327.
[19] 王琳,王晶祥,赵安福.夏施基肥对国光苹果树生长和结果的影响[J].中国果树,1995(4):21-22.
[20] Hesketh N, Brookes P C. Development of an indie at or for risk of phosphorus leaching[J]. J. Environ. Qual.,2000,29:105-110.
[21] Hughes S, Reynolds B, Bell S A, Gardner C. Simple phosphorus saturation index to estimate risk of dissolved P in runoff from arable soils[J]. Soil Use and Management.2000,16:206-210.
[22] 吕家珑, Fortune S, Brookes P C.土壤磷淋溶状况及其Olsen磷"突变点"研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(2):142-146.
[23] 赵小蓉,钟晓英,李贵桐,等.我国23个土壤磷素淋失风险评估Ⅱ:淋失临界值与土壤理化性质和磷吸附特性的关系[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3011-3017.
[24] 钟晓英,赵小蓉,鲍华军,等.我国23个土壤磷素淋失风险评估.淋失临界值[J].生态学报,2004,24(10):2275-2280.

相似文献/References:

[1]朱德兰,王得祥,贾锐鱼.建立节水灌溉技术体系发展高产优质果园[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(01):73.
　ZHU De-lan,WANG De-xiang,JIA Rui-yu.Establishing Water-saving Irrigation System and Developing High Yield and Quality Orchard[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(05):73.
[2]黄炎和,杨学震,沈林洪,等.侵蚀劣地果园套种绿肥对地温和气温的影响[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(03):222.
　HUANG Yan-he,YANG Xue-zhen,SHEN Lin-hong,et al.Effects of Interplanting Green Manures with the Orchard of the Eroded Inferior Lands on the Air and Ground Temperature[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(05):222.
[3]时光新,王相国,尹绪国.山丘区果园微灌效益初步研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(03):52.
　SHI Guang-xin,WANG Xiang-guo,YIN Xu-guo.Primary Study on Efficiency of Microspray Irrigation of Orchard on Hilly Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(05):52.
[4]王洪刚.果园覆草技术综合效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(03):55.
　WANG Hong-gang.Study on Comprehensive Effects of Mulching Straw in Orchard[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(05):55.
[5]张永涛,李增印,汤天明.山地果园施用保水剂的效果研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(03):65.
　ZHANG Yong-tao,LI Zeng-yin,TANG Tian-ming.Effect on Using Water-retention Preparation in Mountain Orchard[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(05):65.
[6]侯月利,花蕾,郝明德.王东沟小流域果园病虫害发生与综合防治[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(01):156.
　HOU Yue-li,HUA Lei,HAO Ming-de.Occurrence and Integrated Control of Disease and Pests of Orchard in Wangdonggou Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(05):156.
[7]陈晶萍,郑秀锦,黄民麟.漳州市果园水土流失治理成果评价[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(02):199.
　CHEN Jing-ping,ZHENG Xiu-jin,HUANG Min-lin.Result Evaluation on the Controlling of Soil and Water Loss in Orchard of Zhangzhou City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(05):199.
[8]李清翠,张振华,刘继龙,等.果园0～100 cm根系层TDR-LEVEL值的分布特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(05):106.
　LI Qing-cui,ZHANG Zhen-hua,LIU Ji-long,et al.Study on Distribution Characteristic of TDR-LEVEL of 0～100 cm Layer in Orchard[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(05):106.
[9]杨世琦,张爱平,杨正礼,等.黄土高原果园土壤有机质变化趋势分析——以陕西省为例[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(01):27.
　LIU Guo-qiang,YE Li,ZHANG Wei-jiang.Study on the Changing Tendency of Orchard Soil Organic Matter in Typical Region—A Case Study of Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(05):27.
[10]张华明,王昭艳,喻荣岗,等.赣北丘陵区果园不同套种模式对退化红壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(04):258.
　ZHANG Hua-ming,WANG Zhao-yan,YU Rong-gang,et al.Study on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties under Different Inter-cropping for Orchards on Hilly Region in Northern Jiangxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(05):258.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2015-04-20;改回日期:2015-05-05。
基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203045）；农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金资助（2015）；陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目（12JK0653）；陕西理工学院人才启动项目（SLGKYQD2-07）
作者简介:赵佐平(1982-),男,陕西旬阳人,博士,主要从事环境质量与果树营养研究。E-mail:zhaozuoping@126.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01