ZHANG Jinhuang,LIU Danqiang,JIANG Xiaosan,et al.Study on Soil Erosion Monitoring of Xihe Small Watershed in Danjiangkou Reservoir Based on the Technique of Quantitative Remote Sensing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(03):67-72.
丹江口库区西河小流域水土流失定量遥感监测研究
- Title:
- Study on Soil Erosion Monitoring of Xihe Small Watershed in Danjiangkou Reservoir Based on the Technique of Quantitative Remote Sensing
- 分类号:
- S127
- 摘要:
- 研究选用中国科学院南京土壤研究所卜兆宏水土流失定量监测模型QRSM，应用“3S”技术，选用高分辨率1∶1万地形图和ALOS遥感数据，将影响水土流失的各因子值可精确计算到每个像元，以丹江口库区西河小流域为重点试验研究区在长江上游地区进行了研究。对模型各因子计算进行了误差处理和参数调整，并对QRSM模型中雨量预报PI算法与USLE模型经典算法EI两种不同算法得出的R值进行了精度对比，结果表明PI算法雨量预报准确率达到86.2%。监测结果得出，西河小流域水土流失面积1 901.00 hm2，占总面积的48.4%，其中轻度流失面积685.64 hm2，中度流失面积253.86 hm2，强度流失面积428.16 hm2，极强度流失面积450.04 hm2，剧烈流失面积83.30 hm2，分别占流失总面积的36.1%，13.4%，22.5%，23.7%，4.3%。流域内年土壤侵蚀总量为10 350 t，侵蚀模数为2 633 t/（km2·a），属中度水土流失类型区。流域的北部是治理区，南部是对照区，北部治理区水土流失面积降低到了15%以下。选择侵蚀程度严重的马槽沟子流域，通过模型监测水土流失量与实测泥沙量数据比较，模型水土流失预报精度高达89.6%。该研究将监测模型推广应用到长江流域上游地区，对逐步实现对长江流域水土流失的监测预报具有前瞻性，并对其它小流域也有一定的理论参考和实践推广示范及技术支撑等价值。
- Abstract:
- In this study, quantitative monitoring of soil erosion model QRSM developed by Bu Zhaohong of Nanjing Institute of Soil Science was used to precisely calculate the values of each factor of soil erosion of each monitoring pixel in Xihe small watershed of Danjiangkou reservoir on the upper reaches of Yangtze River through the support of 3S technologies, the high-resolution 1∶10 000 topographic maps and ALOS remote sensing data. The study addressed the error and adjusted the parameters about calculation each factor of the model, and compared precision of values of R of two different algorithms of the results between PI algorithms of QRSM model rainfall forecast and EI classical algorithms of USLE model. The results showed that forecast accuracy was 86.2% of PI algorithm of the rainfall. The results also showed that the area of soil erosion in Xihe small watershed was 1 901.00 km2, accounting for 48.4% of the total area, the mild erosion area was 685.64 hm2, moderate loss area was 253.86 hm2, severe loss area was 428.16 hm2, intensely severe loss area was 450.04 hm2, severe loss extremely area was 83.30 hm2, accounting for 36.1% 13.4%, 22.5%, 23.7%, 4.3% of the total area of the valley, respectively. The total amount of soil erosion in the watershed was 10 350 t, erosion modulus was 2 633 t/(km2·a). It was the moderate erosion area. The northern area of the watershed is the control part and the southern area is the comparison part, the soil erosion area of northern control part reduced to less than 15%. Macaogou watershed with severe soil erosion was selected as the case, the soil erosion prediction accuracy of this model was up to 89.6% with respect to the comparison of the data of soil erosion sediment obtained from the monitoring model and the measured data in this watershed. The monitoring model will be extended and applied to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It has a forward-looking in terms of soil erosion monitoring and forecast in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and has certain theoretical reference and practical demonstration and promotion of technical support and other value for the other small watersheds.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-01-21;改回日期:2015-03-25。
基金项目:水利部长江水利委员会“长江流域上游土壤侵蚀定量计算检测方法研究”（2009112803）
作者简介:张锦凰(1970-),男,陕西榆林人,高级讲师,博士研究生,研究方向:生态农业。E-mail:zhangbs8228@126.com
通讯作者:卞新民(1951-),男,江苏东台人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事农业生态研究。E-mail:bjxlml@163.com;姜小三(1967-),男,江苏泰州人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事资源环境信息系统研究。E-mail:xsjiang@163.com