GUO Hong,LIU Tianpeng,DU Yifei,et al.Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients in the Apple Orchards on the Scale of County in the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(03):21-27.
黄土高原县域苹果园土壤养分空间变异特征研究
- Title:
- Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients in the Apple Orchards on the Scale of County in the Loess Plateau
- 分类号:
- S158.9
- 摘要:
- 在渭北黄土高原苹果主产县陕西省黄陵县采集304个苹果园0—40 cm土层的土壤样品进行养分测定，并应用地统计学及GIS空间分析技术对其空间变异特征进行了研究和探讨，以期为该地区合理施肥提供科学指导。结果表明：该地区果园土壤硝态氮和速效磷变异系数最大，pH值最小。变异系数的大小顺序依次为硝态氮 > 速效磷 > 全磷 > 铵态氮 > 速效钾 > 全钾 > 全氮 > CEC > 有机质 > pH值。土壤全磷和有机质的最佳拟合模型是高斯模型，而全氮、铵态氮和速效钾的最好拟合效果是球状模型，全钾用线性模型拟合效果最好，有效磷、pH值、硝态氮和CEC以指数模型来分析效果最佳。土壤pH值、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾和CEC的空间相关性很强，其C0/（C0+C）分别为0.17%，7.47%，11.81%，2.95%和24.24%，有机质、全氮、全磷和硝态氮C0/（C0+C）为40.72%，28.16%，46.44%，49.98%，空间相关性中等，土壤全钾的C0/（C0+C）为100%，空间相关性非常弱。研究区苹果园土壤有机质和氮含量偏低，磷、钾较丰富，在今后的施肥过程中需要增施有机肥，适量施用氮磷钾肥。
- Abstract:
- Spatial variability of soil nutrients was studied based on geostatistics and spatial analysis of GIS by collecting 304 soil samples (0—40 cm) from apple orchards in Huangling County which is one of the main apple producing county in the Weibei area of the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, and determination of the soil nutrients in order to provide scientific guidance for the reasonable fertilization. The results showed that the variation coefficients of the soil nitrate and available P were the largest, and the smallest for pH. The order of the variation coefficient of soil nutrients was nitrate N > available P > total P > ammonium N > available K > total K > total N > CEC > organic matter > pH. The fitting semi-variance model for total P and organic matter was Gaussian, and the best matching effect of soil total N, ammonium N and available K was the spherical model, soil total K got the best effect usig the linear model, but the soil available P, pH, nitrate N and CEC were well discribled by exponential model. The results of semi-variance analysis showed that the nugget/sill ratios of soil pH, ammonium N, available P, available K and CEC were 0.17%, 7.47%, 11.81%, 2.95% and 24.24%, respectively, and their spatial correlations were very strong. The nugget/sill ratios of soil organic matter, total N, total P and nitrate N were 40.72%, 28.16%, 46.44% and 49.98%, respectively, their spatial correlations were medium. The nugget/sill ratio of soil total K was 100%, their spatial correlation was very weak. In the study area, we found that the contents of soil organic matter and N were low, but the soil P and K were high. It is needed to increase the amount of organic fertilizer, and keep the rational rates of the N, P, K fertilizes in the future.
参考文献/References:
[1] 王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[2] 周星,彭毅,吴绍军,等.剑阁县植烟土壤养分的空间变异研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):85-89.
[3] 李明悦,朱静华,廉晓娟,等.基于GIS的葡萄园土壤养分管理及平衡施肥研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(3):202-205.
[4] 姚丽贤,周修冲,蔡永发,等.香蕉园土壤养分空间变异性及适宜样本容量研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(2):169-171.
[5] 朱红春,张蕾,刘海英,等.基于GIS的猕猴桃土壤养分评价与施肥建议模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(6):194-198.
[6] 王亮.山地柑橘园部分主要养分空间变异研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[7] 王留好.陕西省渭北苹果主产区苹果园土壤养分现状评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[8] 李会科,赵政阳,张广军.种植不同牧草对渭北苹果园土壤肥力的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(2):31-34.
[9] 高义民,同延安,路永莉,等.陕西渭北红富士苹果园土壤有效养分及长期施肥对产量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(4):613-622.
[10] 郝雅珺,常庆瑞,刘海飞.基于GIS的县域土地利用与地形因子关系研究:以陕西省黄陵县为例[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):134-137.
[11] 刘世贤.半干旱区苹果树根系分布规律调查[J].西北园艺,2003(6):48-49.
[12] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1992.
[13] 郑小春,车金鑫,卢海蛟,等.陕西白水县红富士苹果示范园土壤养分状况分析[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(10):97-101.
[14] 方睿红,常庆瑞.关中平原台塬区土壤养分空间格局研究:以西安市长安区为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):141-145.
[15] Matheron G. Principles of geostatistics[J]. Economic Geology,1963,58(8):1246-1266.
[16] Cambardella C A, Moorman T B, Parkin T B, et al. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994,58(5):1501-1511.
[17] Chien Y J, Lee D Y, Guo H Y, et al. Geostatistical analysis of soil properties of mid-west Taiwan soils[J]. Soil Science,1997,162(4):291-298.
[18] 徐四新,姚政,宋科,等.浦东新区果园村土壤养分状况评价及其空间变异分析[J].上海农业学报,2012,28(2):72-74.
[19] 白勇龙,王远东,张正军,等.甘肃正宁苹果园土壤养分测定分析[J].现代园艺,2012(19):14-15.
[20] 张进.渭北苹果园土壤养分状况调查与评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[21] 居玛汗·卡斯木,张丽娜,范鹏,等.黄土高原不同生态类型区果园地土壤肥力特征综合评价及其区域差异特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):316-323
[22] 李庚飞,周胜波,李亚梅.澄城县苹果园土壤养分及空间变异分析[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(3):90-93.
[23] 郭晓敏,牛德奎,郭熙奉,等.新毛竹林土壤养分空间变异性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):420-425.
[24] 李宗新,董树亭,王空军,等.不同肥料运筹对夏玉米田间土壤氮素淋溶与挥发影响的原位研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):998-1005.
[25] 王淑英,胡克林,路苹,等.北京平谷区土壤有效磷的空间变异特征及其环境风险评价[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1290-1298.
[26] 姜远茂.苹果园科学施肥技术试验示范建议[R].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
相似文献/References:
[1]刘占仁,王立志.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):72.
LIU Zhan-ren,WANG Li-zhi.Effect of Different Land Use on Soil Nutrient and Soil Fertility[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):72.
[2]张小娟,高照良,李晶,等.关中平原高速公路路堤边坡土壤养分与植被群落α多样性变化[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):157.
ZHANG Xiao-juan,GAO Zhao-liang,LI Jing,et al.Variation of Soil Nutrients and Mode of α Diversity of Plant Community on the Embankment Slope of Highways in Guanzhong Plain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):157.
[3]王巧利,贾燕锋,王宁,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区自然恢复坡面植物根系的分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):16.
WANG Qiao-li,JIA Yan-feng,WANG Ning,et al.Distribution of Root on Vegetation Recovery Slope in the Hilly and Gully Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):16.
[4]阳利永,吴献花,赵斌,等.滇池柴河流域不同土地利用方式土壤养分剖面分异[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):95.
YANG Li-yong,WU Xian-hua,ZHAO Bin,et al.Effects of Different Land Uses on Profile Variability of Soil Nutrients in Chaihe Basin of Dianchi Lake[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):95.
[5]潘树林,周顺涛,辜彬.坡度和坡位对岩质边坡早期生态恢复土壤养分变异性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):289.
PAN Shu-lin,ZHOU Shun-tao,GU Bin.Effect of Slope Degree and Slope Position on Soil Nutrient Variability in the Early Succession of Rocky Slope Revegetation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):289.
[6]腊贵晓,顾怀胜,刘国顺,等.喀斯特地区烟田土壤养分的空间变异特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):48.
LA Gui-xiao,GU Huai-sheng,LIU Guo-shun,et al.Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Nutrients in Karst Tobacco-growing Areas[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):48.
[7]霍小鹏,张兴华,李贤伟,等.川西米亚罗林区不同林分类型土壤养分性质研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):58.
HUO Xiao-peng,ZHANG Xing-hua,LI Xian-wei,et al.Study on the Soil Nutrient in Different Forest Types in Miyaluo Forest Area of Western Sichuan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):58.
[8]刘秉正,吕俊杰.泥河沟流域土壤养分变化与生产力评价[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(01):18.
LIU Bing-zheng,LÜ,Jun-jie.Variation of Soil Nutrient and Productivity Evaluation in Nihe Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(03):18.
[9]朱远达,张光远,蔡强国,等.侵蚀影响下土壤碳和养分空间变化及其过程模拟[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(04):126.
ZHU Yuan-da,ZHANG Guang-yuan,CAI Qiang-guo,et al.Soil Carbon and Nutrient Change and Model Under Soil Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(03):126.
[10]庄舜尧,吴春艳,杨浩.红壤丘陵区沟谷养分的分布特征初探[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(01):112.
ZHUANG Shun-yao,WU Chun-yan,YANG Hao.Distributions of Nutrients in Intervale Region of South China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(03):112.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-03-04;改回日期:2015-03-16。
基金项目:陕西省黄陵县果业局横向经费（A304021308）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103005-9）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-28）；“十二五”科技支撑计划（2014 BAD16 B02）；陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划（2011 KTZB02-02-05）；西北农林科技大学推广专项（Z222021211）；陕西省农业专项资助（K332021313）
作者简介:郭宏(1989-),女,山西省吕梁市人,硕士研究生,研究方向:生态环境工程。E-mail:lehuo1025@163.com
通讯作者:李会科(1965-),男,陕西省武功镇人,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向:苹果园生草、肥水管理等。E-mail:lihuike@nwsuaf.edu.cn