Jumahan·Kasim,ZHANG Lina,FAN Peng,et al.Regional Differences in Soil Nutrient Contents of the Typical Apple Garden of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(01):316-323.
黄土高原不同生态类型区果园地土壤肥力特征综合评价及其区域差异特征研究
- Title:
- Regional Differences in Soil Nutrient Contents of the Typical Apple Garden of the Loess Plateau
- 关键词:
- 黄土高原; 典型苹果园; 区域差异特征; 土壤肥力特征综合评价
- Keywords:
- typical apple garden of the loess plateau; regional differences; evaluation of soil fertility characteristics
- 分类号:
- S158
- 摘要:
- 以黄土高原典型苹果园地为研究区域，采用野外调查与试验分析相结合的方法，选取6个土壤养分指标：有机质、全氮、速效磷、全磷、速效钾和全钾，应用多元统计分析方法，分析了黄土高原典型苹果园地3个区段（陕西凤翔、陕西长武、陕西延安）0—300 cm土壤剖面层土壤养分含量的分布特征及差异性。结果表明：不同苹果产区土壤养分含量差别明显，3个试点各类果园0—300 cm土层土壤全氮含量平均值，全磷含量平均值、速效磷含量平均值、全钾含量平均值、速效钾含量平均值由大到小依次为凤翔 > 长武 > 延安；长武 > 凤翔 > 延安；长武 > 凤翔 > 延安；凤翔 > 长武 > 延安；长武 > 凤翔 > 延安。不同苹果产区果园0—300 cm土层土壤氮磷钾全量和速效量剖面分布特征类似，除全钾和速效氮外其余养分全量和速效量剖面分布具有明显“表层积聚效应。长武和延安的0—300 cm土层土壤有机质含量的剖面分布特征类似，没有明显的垂直分层现象而凤翔0—100 cm土层速效钾含量随土层加深而迅速降低，100—200 cm土层内有机质含量的剖面含量没有明显的变化。陕西长武地区土壤养分指数为0.24比陕西凤翔地区（0.23）的高；陕西凤翔地区养分指数（0.23）比陕西延安地区的（0.22）高。针对不同区域果园土壤养分含量差异，提出果园施肥建议：凤翔果园应该增施有机肥和氮肥，增施钾肥。长武果园增施有机肥，氮磷钾肥配合施用。延安地区土壤养分状况最差，应加大施肥力度，增施有机肥，氮磷钾肥配合施用，实行平衡施肥。
- Abstract:
- In this study, field investigation and laboratory analyses were carried out to gain a comprehensive insight into five kinds of soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium and total potassium) in three sections of the typical apple gardens in Fengxiang, Changwu,Yan’an of the Loess Plateau. Multivariate statistical analysis method was used to study the characteristics of nutrient distribution in soil profile (0—300 cm) in different sections of the northern slope of the Loess Plateau. According to the standard of the Second National Soil Survey, variation characteristics of fertility and nutrient contents of different soil profiles in the sections were analyzed. Variations in soil nutrient contents were also clarified. Furthermore, quantitative comparison of nutrient contents among different sections was performed. The results showed that the contents of soil nutrients in different apple production areas had obvious differences. The orders of the average value of soil total nitrogen contents, the average value of total phosphorus contents, the average content of available phosphorus, the average value of the total potassium contents, the average value of available K contents were Fengxiang > Changwu > Yanan, Changwu > Fengxiang > Yanan, Changwu > Fengxiang > Yanan; Fengxiang > Changwu > Yanan, Changwu > Fengxiang > Yanan, respectively. The soil nutrient parameters of the orchards of the counties presented similar profile distribution. All the total nutrient and available nutrient contents except the potassium totals and available nitrogen contents of all the orchards of the counties presented the obvious effect of surface enrichment. The nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents of the orchards were higher in top soil than in deep soil. In the soil profile of the 0—300 cm, soil organic matter content distribution similar in Changwu and Yanan, no vertical stratification phenomenon was found, and available potassium content in 0—100 cm soil layer declines with the increase of soil depth, the content of organic matter in the soil profile of 100—200 cm did not change obviously. Soil total nitrogen in 0—60 cm layer in Fengxiang orchard and Changwu orchard is deficient, available nitrogen is deficient, available phosphorus is medium and available potassium is medium rich. Soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in 0—60 cm layer in Yanan orchard are deficient. With respect to the variation of the nutrient contents of different orchard soil areas, we put forward the different fertilization recommendations. The organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer should be increased in Fengxiang orchard. Organic fertilizer, N, P, K fertilizer application should be increased in Changwu orchard. Soil nutrient status of the Yanan area is the worst, the intensity of fertilizer, organic fertilizer, N, P,K fertilizer application should be increased under balanced fertilization in order to balance fertilization
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-12-07;改回日期:2014-01-07。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31071374）
作者简介:居玛汗·卡斯木(1982-),女(维吾尔族),新疆库尔勒人,硕士研究生,研究方向:旱区农业生态。E-mail:735142548@qq.com
通讯作者:李军(1964-),男,教授,博士,主要从事旱区农业生态与高效耕作制度、作物生产系统模拟与决策领域的科研与教学工作。E-mail:junli@nwsuaf.edu.cn